Amazon Web Services DOP-C02 - AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional

A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:

Option A is correct because removing the AdministratorAccess policy and assigning the ReadOnlyAccess managed IAM policy to the developer role is a valid way to prevent the developers from making any manual changes to the deployed resources. The AdministratorAccess policy grants full access to all AWS resources and actions, which is not necessary for the developers. The ReadOnlyAccess policy grants read-only access to most AWS resources and actions, which is sufficient for the developers to view the status of their stacks. Instructing the developers to use the CloudFormationDeployment role as a CloudFormation service role when they deploy new stacks is also a valid way to ensure that only CloudFormation can use the new role. A CloudFormation service role is an IAM role that allows CloudFormation to make calls to resources in a stack on behalf of the user1. The user can specify a service role when they create or update a stack, and CloudFormation will use that role’s credentials for all operations that are performed on that stack1.

Option B is incorrect because updating the trust of CloudFormationDeployment role to allow the developer IAM role to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and perform actions on the deployed resources, which is not what the company wants. The trust of CloudFormationDeployment role should only allow the cloudformation.amazonaws.com AWS principal to assume the role, as in option D.

Option C is incorrect because configuring the IAM user to be able to get and pass the CloudFormationDeployment role if cloudformation actions for resources is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually pass the CloudFormationDeployment role to other services or resources, which is not what the company wants. The IAM user should only be able to pass the CloudFormationDeployment role as a service role when they create or update a stack with CloudFormation, as in option A.

Option D is correct because updating the trust of CloudFormationDeployment role to allow the cloudformation.amazonaws.com AWS principal to perform the iam:AssumeRole action is a valid solution. This allows CloudFormation to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and access resources in other services on behalf of the user2. The trust policy of an IAM role defines which entities can assume the role2. By specifying cloudformation.amazonaws.com as the principal, you grant permission only to CloudFormation to assume this role.

Option E is incorrect because instructing the developers to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role when they deploy new stacks is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and perform actions on the deployed resources, which is not what the company wants. The developers should only use the CloudFormationDeployment role as a service role when they deploy new stacks with CloudFormation, as in option A.

Option F is correct because adding an IAM policy to CloudFormationDeployment that allows cloudformation:* on all resources and adding a policy that allows the iam:PassRole action for ARN of CloudFormationDeployment if iam:PassedToService equals cloudformation.amazonaws.com are valid solutions. The first policy grants permission for CloudFormationDeployment to perform any action with any resource using cloudformation.amazonaws.com as a service principal3. The second policy grants permission for passing this role only if it is passed by cloudformation.amazonaws.com as a service principal4. This ensures that only CloudFormation can use this role.

ï‚· Step 1: Creating a Centralized Domain in the Shared Services Account

To manage application package dependencies across multiple accounts, the most efficient solution is to create a centralized domain in the shared services account. This allows all application teams to access and manage package repositories within the same domain, ensuring consistency and centralization.

Action: Create a domain in the shared services account.

Why: A single, centralized domain reduces the need for redundant management in each application team's account.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/cloudformation/continue-update-rollback.html For a specified stack that is in the UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED state, continues rolling it back to the UPDATE_ROLLBACK_COMPLETE state. Depending on the cause of the failure, you can manually fix the error and continue the rollback. By continuing the rollback, you can return your stack to a working state (the UPDATE_ROLLBACK_COMPLETE state), and then try to update the stack again.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/metrics-collected-by-CloudWatch-agent.html

Using the principalTag in the Permission Set inline policy a logged in user belonging to a specific AD group in the IDP can be permitted access to perform operations on certain resources if their group matches the group used in the PrincipleTag. Basically you are narrowing the scope of privileges assigned via Permission policies conditionally based on whether the logged in user belongs to a specific AD Group in IDP. The mapping of the AD group to the request attributes can be done using SSO attributes where we can pass other attributes like the SAML token as well.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/abac.html

EC2 instances running in private subnets of a VPC can now have controlled access to S3 buckets, objects, and API functions that are in the same region as the VPC. You can use an S3 bucket policy to indicate which VPCs and which VPC Endpoints have access to your S3 buckets 1- https://aws.amazon.com/pt/blogs/aws/new-vpc-endpoint-for-amazon-s3/

If instead you want to automatically apply the policy to existing in-scope resources, choose Auto remediate any noncompliant resources. This option creates a web ACL in each applicable account within the AWS organization and associates the web ACL with the resources in the accounts. When you choose Auto remediate any noncompliant resources, you can also choose to remove existing web ACL associations from in-scope resources, for the web ACLs that aren't managed by another active Firewall Manager policy. If you choose this option, Firewall Manager first associates the policy's web ACL with the resources, and then removes the prior associations. If a resource has an association with another web ACL that's managed by a different active Firewall Manager policy, this choice doesn't affect that association.

Verified Answer: A, C, and E.

Short Explanation: To improve the performance of the application, the DevOps engineer should use Amazon RDS Proxy, implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, and connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function.

Amazon RDS Proxy is a fully managed, highly available database proxy for Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) that makes applications more scalable, more resilient to database failures, and more secure1. By using Amazon RDS Proxy, the DevOps engineer can reduce the overhead of opening and closing connections to the database, which can improve latency and throughput2.

The DevOps engineer should connect the proxy to the Aurora cluster reader endpoint, which allows read-only connections to one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster3. This can help balance the load across multiple read replicas and improve performance for read-intensive workloads4.

The DevOps engineer should implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, which means using a global variable to store the database connection object5. This can enable connection reuse across multiple invocations of the Lambda function, which can reduce latency and improve performance.

The DevOps engineer should connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function, which is a unique URL that represents the proxy. This can allow the Lambda function to access the database through the proxy, which can provide benefits such as connection pooling, load balancing, failover handling, and enhanced security.

The other options are incorrect because:

Implementing database connection pooling inside the Lambda code is unnecessary and redundant when using Amazon RDS Proxy, which already provides connection pooling as a service.

Implementing the database connection opening and closing inside the Lambda event handler code is inefficient and costly, as it can increase latency and consume more resources for each invocation of the Lambda function.

Connecting to the Aurora cluster endpoint from the Lambda function is not optimal for read-only queries, as it can direct traffic to either the primary instance or one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster. This can result in inconsistent performance and potential conflicts with write operations on the primary instance.

it involves adding an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and subnets for the ALB and specifying the dualstack IP address type on the ALB listener. This allows the ALB to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and forward requests to the EC2 instances that are added as targets to the target group associated with the ALB.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The operating system (Amazon Linux) uses yum for package management. To use both the default and a custom repository, the simplest method is to add the custom repository configuration file under /etc/yum.repos.d/ using the yum-config-manager CLI, and enable it. This allows the system to access both repositories during patching automatically.

This approach requires minimal setup and effort and leverages the existing yum patching mechanisms.

Option A and D involve managing multiple patch baselines in Systems Manager Patch Manager, which does not natively support custom repositories — it relies on the underlying OS package manager.

Option B (Direct Connect) is not necessary unless network connectivity is an issue.

Thus, option C meets the requirement with the least effort.