Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 - AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Total 625 questions

An online magazine will launch its latest edition this month. This edition will be the first to be distributed globally. The magazine's dynamic website currently uses an Application Load Balancer in front of the web tier, a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances for web and application servers, and Amazon Aurora MySQL. Portions of the website include static content and almost all traffic is read-only.

The magazine is expecting a significant spike in internet traffic when the new edition is launched. Optimal performance is a top priority for the week following the launch.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to reduce system response times for a global audience? (Choose two.)

Use logical cross-Region replication to replicate the Aurora MySQL database to a secondary Region. Replace the web servers with Amazon S3. Deploy S3 buckets in cross-Region replication mode.

Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups. Introduce an AWS Direct Connect connection. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.

Migrate the database from Amazon Aurora to Amazon RDS for MySQL. Ensure all three of the application tiers×’â‚¬" web, application, and database×’â‚¬" are in private subnets.

Use an Aurora global database for physical cross-Region replication. Use Amazon S3 with cross-Region replication for static content and resources. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.

Introduce Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing and Amazon CloudFront distributions. Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups.

Question # 17

A company has Linux-based Amazon EC2 instances. Users must access the instances by using SSH with EC2 SSH Key pairs. Each machine requires a unique EC2 Key pair.

The company wants to implement a key rotation policy that will, upon request, automatically rotate all the EC2 key pairs and keep the key in a securely encrypted place. The company will accept less than 1 minute of downtime during key rotation.

Which solution will meet these requirement?

Store all the keys in AWS Secrets Manager. Define a Secrets Manager rotation schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public Keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Secrets Manager.

Store all the keys in Parameter. Store, a capability of AWS Systems Manager, as a string. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instance. Update the private keys in parameter.

Import the EC2 key pairs into AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Configure automatic key rotation for these key pairs. Create an Amazon EventlBridge scheduled rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to initiate the key rotation AWS KMS.

Add all the EC2 instances to Feet Manager, a capability of AWS Systems Manager. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to issue a Systems Manager Run Command document to generate new Key pairs and to rotate public keys to all the instances in Feet Manager.

Question # 18

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage a multi-account structure. The company has hundreds of AWS accounts and expects the number of accounts to increase. The company is building a new application that uses Docker images. The company will push the Docker images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Only accounts that are within the company's organization should have

access to the images.

The company has a CI/CD process that runs frequently. The company wants to retain all the tagged images. However, the company wants to retain only the five most recent untagged images.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that allows only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company's organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Create an IAM role in the ECR account. Set permissions so that any account can assume the role if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company's organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that includes only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the organization. Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Configure Amazon ECR to use an interface VPC endpoint with an endpoint policy that includes the required permissions for images that the company needs to pull. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the company's organization. Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Question # 19

A company uses Microsoft Active Directory for user management and Microsoft Entra ID as an identity provider (IdP). The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company establishes an AWS IAM Identity Center instance that is integrated with the IdP and creates the required user groups.

Multiple company departments and applications use Amazon S3. The company uses S3 bucket policies to manage permissions. As a result of the granular permissions the company creates, the policies grow so large that they reach the quota for S3 bucket policy length. The company needs to simplify the process of managing granular S3 bucket permissions for company identities.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Create an S3 Access Grant. Associate the S3 Access Grant with the IAM Identity Center instance. Create S3 Access Grants for the user groups based on business requirements by specifying the appropriate S3 bucket. Use the Amazon S3 API to grant the user groups temporary credentials to access the required S3 buckets.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Create an AWS Lambda function to query data from Amazon S3 based on user permissions. Create an Object Lambda Access Point for the S3 access points. Associate the Lambda function with the Object Lambda Access Point.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Block public access in the S3 access point settings. Create an access policy based on user requirements. Attach the access policy to the S3 access point. Use the S3 access point to access the S3 bucket.

Group users into appropriate OUs in Organizations. Create SCPs to grant access to specific S3 buckets based on business requirements. Attach the SCPs to the appropriate OUs. Use permission sets in IAM Identity Center to grant access the S3 buckets.

Explanation:

The company has many S3 buckets and many identities across multiple AWS accounts. It currently uses S3 bucket policies for granular authorization. As requirements grow, the bucket policies have become very large and have hit the maximum size limits. The company needs a way to express granular, identity-based access to S3 resources without relying on increasingly complex bucket policies.

AWS provides S3 Access Grants to centrally manage S3 data access based on identities. S3 Access Grants integrate with IAM Identity Center and external identity providers such as Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD). With S3 Access Grants, you define grants that associate specific identities or groups (from IAM Identity Center) with permissions on specific S3 buckets, prefixes, or objects. Access Grants maintain a mapping between identities and S3 resources without requiring large, per-bucket policies.

Option A describes exactly this approach. You create an S3 Access Grant configuration associated with the IAM Identity Center instance that is already integrated with the companyâ€™s IdP. You then define S3 Access Grants for the various user groups according to business requirements, specifying the appropriate S3 buckets and prefixes. When users access S3 through AWS tools that support S3 Access Grants, temporary credentials are issued that reflect the grants. This centralizes authorization management, reduces the size and complexity of S3 bucket policies, and minimizes operational overhead because you manage permissions per identity group rather than constantly editing long bucket policies.

Option B uses S3 access points and Object Lambda Access Points with a Lambda function for data filtering. This is more suitable for content transformation or redaction rather than primary authorization management. It adds operational complexity by requiring custom Lambda code and Object Lambda configuration, and it does not directly solve the problem of large bucket policies for fine-grained permissions.

Option C uses per-bucket S3 access points with attached policies. While access points can simplify some aspects of access control and allow per-application policies, using many access points with detailed policies can still lead to significant policy complexity. It also does not take advantage of the existing IAM Identity Center integration and does not centrally align permissions with identity groups.

Option D uses AWS Organizations service control policies (SCPs). SCPs are intended to define high-level guardrails and maximum permissions at the account or organizational unit level, not detailed, per-bucket or per-prefix access control for individual users or groups. Using SCPs to express granular S3 bucket permissions would be complex, hard to maintain, and not aligned with the purpose of SCPs.

Therefore, using S3 Access Grants integrated with IAM Identity Center (option A) provides a centralized, identity-aware, low-overhead way to manage granular S3 access without hitting S3 bucket policy size limits.

[References:AWS documentation on S3 Access Grants for identity-based, fine-grained access control to S3 resources integrated with IAM Identity Center.AWS best practices for separating high-level guardrails (SCPs) from resource-level permissions and using identity-aware S3 controls instead of overly large bucket policies., ]

Question # 20

A company has developed a mobile game. The backend for the game runs on several virtual machines located in an on-premises data center. The business logic is exposed using a REST API with multiple functions. Player session data is stored in central file storage. Backend services use different API keys for throttling and to distinguish between live and test traffic.

The load on the game backend varies throughout the day. During peak hours, the server capacity is not sufficient. There are also latency issues when fetching player session data. Management has asked a solutions architect to present a cloud architecture that can handle the game's varying load and provide low-latency data access. The API model should not be changed.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Implement the REST API using a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Run the business logic on an Amazon EC2 instance behind the NLB. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless.

Implement the REST API using an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity.

Implement the REST API using Amazon API Gateway. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on- demand capacity.

Implement the REST API using AWS AppSync. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless.

Question # 21

A video streaming company recently launched a mobile app for video sharing. The app uploads various files to an Amazon S3 bucket in the us-east-1 Region. The files range in size from 1 GB to 10 GB.

Users who access the app from Australia have experienced uploads that take long periods of time Sometimes the files fail to completely upload for these users . A solutions architect must improve the app' performance for these uploads

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket Configure the app to use the Transfer Acceleration endpoint for uploads

Configure an S3 bucket in each Region to receive the uploads. Use S3 Cross-Region Replication to copy the files to the distribution S3 bucket.

Set up Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing to route the uploads to the nearest S3 bucket Region.

Configure the app to break the video files into chunks Use a multipart upload to transfer files to Amazon S3.

Modify the app to add random prefixes to the files before uploading

Question # 22

A company is planning a one-time migration of an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL in the us-east-1 Region. The company's current internet connection has limited bandwidth. The on-premises MySQL database is 60 TB in size The company estimates that it will take a month to transfer the data to AWS over the current internet connection.

The company needs a migration solution that will migrate the database more quickly

Which solution will migrate the database in the LEAST amount of time?

Request a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.

Use AWS DataSync with the current internet connection to accelerate the data transfer between the on-premises data center and AWS Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.

Order an AWS Snowball Edge Device Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by using the S3 interface Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL

Order an AWS Snowball Device Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by usingthe S3 Adapter for Snowball Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL.

Question # 23

A weather service provides high-resolution weather maps from a web application hosted on AWS in the eu-west-1 Region. The weather maps are updated frequently and stored in Amazon S3 along with static HTML content. The web application is fronted by Amazon CloudFront.

The company recently expanded to serve users in the us-east-1 Region, and these new users report that viewing their respective weather maps is slow from time to time.

Which combination of steps will resolve the us-east-1 performance issues? (Choose two.)

Configure the AWS Global Accelerator endpoint for the S3 bucket in eu-west-1. Configure endpoint groups for TCP ports 80 and 443 in us-east-1.

Create a new S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure S3 cross-Region replication to synchronize from the S3 bucket in eu-west-1.

Use Lambda@Edge to modify requests from North America to use the S3 Transfer Acceleration endpoint in us-east-1.

Use Lambda@Edge to modify requests from North America to use the S3 bucket in us-east-1.

Configure the AWS Global Accelerator endpoint for us-east-1 as an origin on the CloudFront distribution. Use Lambda@Edge to modify requests from North America to use the new origin.

Question # 24

A company runs payment gateways in multiple AWS Regions. The company also operates on-premises data centers where the company manages hardware security modules (HSMs) to tokenize sensitive payment data to comply with security regulations.

To process payment transactions within the company's performance SLA, the company requires an automated and centrally managed solution that can provide dedicated private connectivity between the on-premises HSMs and AWS payment services.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Use a centrally managed accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator to route traffic from each data center the nearest AWS Region.

Establish AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections between the data centers and AWS. Set up a centrally managed transit gateway and set appropriate routes.

Use AWS CloudHSM to tokenize the sensitive payment data. Deploy CloudHSM in the same private subnet as the payment services workload.

Set up AWS Cloud WAN with AWS Direct Connect attachments between on-premises data centers and AWS.

Explanation:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

D is correct because the requirement explicitly calls for (1) dedicated private connectivity, (2) automated and centrally managed operation, and (3) connectivity between on-premises data centers and multiple AWS Regions.

AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private connectivity from on-premises environments to AWS. This is the key differentiator versus internet-based connectivity options when performance and consistency are required to meet strict SLAs.

AWS Cloud WAN provides centralized, policy-based management of a global network across Regions and on-premises attachments. Using Direct Connect attachments to Cloud WAN lets the company centrally define routing/segmentation policies and connect multiple data centers to multiple Regions in a consistent, automated wayâ€”well aligned to â€œautomated and centrally managedâ€ requirements for a multi-Region payment platform.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A (Global Accelerator) improves performance for internet-facing endpoints using Anycast and edge routing, but it does not provide private, dedicated connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS services. It is not the right tool for private HSM-to-AWS service connectivity.

B (Site-to-Site VPN + Transit Gateway) can be centrally routed with Transit Gateway, but VPN tunnels run over the public internet and are not â€œdedicated private connectivity.â€ They can be acceptable for many cases, but they do not best meet â€œdedicated private connectivityâ€ and strict SLA expectations compared to Direct Connect.

C (CloudHSM) changes the architecture by moving tokenization into AWS-managed HSM infrastructure. The question states the company manages on-premises HSMs and needs private connectivity between those HSMs and AWS payment services, so replacing them with CloudHSM does not satisfy the stated connectivity requirement.

[References:, AWS Direct Connect Documentation: dedicated private connectivity from on premises to AWS; consistent network performance characteristics compared with internet-based paths, AWS Cloud WAN Documentation: centralized network management, policy-based connectivity across Regions, and support for attaching on-premises connectivity (including Direct Connect attachments), AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: centralized routing for VPC/on-prem connectivity (relevant comparison point for VPN-based designs), AWS Certified Solutions Architect â€“ Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide: designing hybrid connectivity strategies, centralized network governance, and multi-Region architectures supporting strict performance requirements, , , , , ]

Question # 25

A company is developing a new on-demand video application that is based on microservices. The application will have 5 million users at launch and will have 30 million users after 6 months. The company has deployed the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate. The company developed the application by using ECS services that use the HTTPS protocol.

A solutions architect needs to implement updates to the application by using blue/green deployments. The solution must distribute traffic to each ECS service through a load balancer. The application must automatically adjust the number of tasks in response to an Amazon CloudWatch alarm.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Request increases to the service quota for tasks per service to meet the demand.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Implement an Auto Scaling group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement an Auto Seating group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement Service Auto Scaling for each ECS service.

Question # 26

A company runs a serverless ecommerce application on AWS. The application uses API Gateway to invoke Java Lambda functions that connect to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. During a sale event, traffic spikes caused slow performance and DB connection failures.

Which solution will improve performance with the LEAST application change?

Move DB connection outside Lambda handler and increase provisioned concurrency.

Use RDS Proxy. Store DB credentials in Secrets Manager. Update Lambda to use RDS Proxy. Increase provisioned concurrency.

Increase max_connections parameter in a custom DB parameter group and reboot. Increase reserved concurrency.

Use RDS Proxy and Secrets Manager. Increase reserved concurrency.

Question # 27

A company plans to migrate a three-tiered web application from an on-premises data center to AWS The company developed the Ui by using server-side JavaScript libraries The business logic and API tier uses a Python-based web framework The data tier runs on a MySQL database

The company custom built the application to meet business requirements The company does not want to re-architect the application The company needs a solution to replatform the application to AWS with the least possible amount of development The solution needs to be highly available and must reduce operational overhead

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Deploy the UI to a static website on Amazon S3 Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the website Build the business logic in a Docker image Store the image in AmazonElastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to host the website with an Application Load Balancer in front Deploy the data layer to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster

Build the UI and business logic in Docker images Store the images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to host the UI and business logic applications with an Application LoadBalancer in front Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance

Deploy the UI to a static website on Amazon S3 Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the website Convert the business logic to AWS Lambda functions Integrate the functions with Amazon API Gateway Deploy the data layer to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster

Build the UI and business logic in Docker images Store the images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service(Amazon EKS) with Fargate profiles to host the UI and business logic Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data layer to Amazon DynamoDB

Question # 28

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company needs a list of all its Amazon EC2 instances that have underutilized CPU or memory usage. The company also needs recommendations for how to downsize these underutilized instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

Install a CPU and memory monitoring tool from AWS Marketplace on all the EC2 Instances. Store the findings in Amazon S3. Implement a Python script to identify underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource op! nization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in the organization's management account. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource optimization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in each account of the organization. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager Create an AWS Lambda function to extract CPU and memory usage from all the EC2 instances. Store the findings as files in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to find underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options.

Question # 29

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations that has multiple AWS accounts. The accounts host multiple resources that are tagged with a CostCenter tag key. The tag value is the name of the team. The company wants to accurately identify the cost of the resources so that the company can charge each team accordingly.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Activate the CostCenter user-defined tag in the organization's management account. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Use the tag breakdown in the report to obtain the total cost for the resources that have the CostCenter tag.

Activate the CostCenter user-defined tag in every member account. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Create an AWS Lambda function that runs monthly to retrieve the reports and calculate the total cost for the resources that have the CostCenter tag.

Activate the CostCenter user-defined tag in every member account. Schedule a monthly AWS Cost and Usage Report from the management account. Use the tag breakdown in the report to calculate the total cost for the resources that have the CostCenter tag.

Customize a report in the AWS Trusted Advisor organization view. Configure the report to generate monthly billing summaries for resources that have the CostCenter tag under the AWS accounts.

Question # 30

A company's interactive web application uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve images from an Amazon S3 bucket. Occasionally, third-party tools ingest corrupted images into the S3 bucket. This image corruption causes a poor user experience in the application later. The company has successfully implemented and tested Python logic to detect corrupt images.

A solutions architect must recommend a solution to integrate the detection logic with minimal latency between the ingestion and serving.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by a viewer-response event.

Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by an origin-response event.

Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Lambda function.

Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Step Functions state machine.

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Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 - AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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