Snowflake SnowPro-Core - SnowPro Core Certification Exam

The Fail-safe period for a transient table in Snowflake, regardless of the edition (including Enterprise edition and higher), is 0 days. Fail-safe is a data protection feature that provides additional retention beyond the Time Travel period for recovering data in case of accidental deletion or corruption. However, transient tables are designed for temporary or short-term use and do not benefit from the Fail-safe feature, meaning that once their Time Travel period expires, data cannot be recovered.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Understanding Fail-safe

A materialized view in Snowflake denotes a pre-computed data set derived from a SELECT query specification and stored for later use. Unlike standard views, which dynamically compute the data each time the view is accessed, materialized views store the result of the query at the time it is executed, thereby speeding up access to the data, especially for expensive aggregations on large datasets.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Materialized Views

A Pre-signed URL provides access to files stored in Snowflake without requiring authorization at the time of access. This feature allows users to generate a URL with a limited validity period that grants temporary access to a file in a secure manner. It's particularly useful for sharing data with external parties or applications without the need for them to authenticate directly with Snowflake.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Using Pre-signed URLs

To utilize the search optimization service in Snowflake, the correct syntax for granting privileges to a role involves specific commands that include adding search optimization capabilities:

Option C: GRANT ADD SEARCH OPTIMIZATION ON SCHEMA TO ROLE . This command grants the specified role the ability to implement search optimization at the schema level, which is essential for enhancing search capabilities within that schema.

Options A and B do not include the correct verb "ADD," which is necessary for this specific type of grant command in Snowflake. Option D incorrectly mentions the database level, as search optimization privileges are typically configured at the schema level, not the database level.References: Snowflake documentation on the use of GRANT statements for configuring search optimization.

Characteristics of Snowsight worksheets in Snowflake include:

A. Worksheets can be grouped under folders, and a folder of folders: This organizational feature allows users to efficiently manage and categorize their worksheets within Snowsight, Snowflake's web-based UI, enhancing the user experience by keeping related worksheets together.

E. Users can import worksheets and share them with other users: Snowsight supports the sharing of worksheets among users, fostering collaboration by allowing users to share queries, analyses, and findings. This feature is crucial for collaborative data exploration and analysis workflows.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Snowsight (UI for Snowflake)

The REVOKE ROLE command is used to remove a role from another role or a user in Snowflake. This command is part of Snowflake's role-based access control system, allowing administrators to manage permissions and access to database objects efficiently by adding or removing roles from users or other roles.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: REVOKE ROLE

Snowflake bills virtual warehouse usage in one-minute increments, rounding up to the nearest minute for any partial minute of compute time used. If a virtual warehouse runs for 61 seconds and then, after being shut down, restarts and runs for an additional 30 seconds, the total time billed would be 120 seconds or 2 minutes. The first 61 seconds are rounded up to 2 minutes, and the subsequent 30 seconds are within a new minute, which is also rounded up to the nearest minute.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Virtual Warehouses Billing

A cached MFA token is valid for up to four hours. https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/security-mfa#using-mfa-token-caching-to-minimize-the-number-of-prompts-during-authentication-optional

The Cloud Services layer in Snowflake is responsible for a wide range of services that facilitate the management and use of Snowflake, including:

D. User authentication: This service handles identity and access management, ensuring that only authorized users can access Snowflake resources.

E. Infrastructure management: This service manages the allocation and scaling of resources to meet user demands, including the management of virtual warehouses, storage, and the orchestration of query execution.

These services are part of Snowflake's fully managed, cloud-based architecture, which abstracts and automates many of the complexities associated with data warehousing.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Overview of Snowflake Cloud Services

A clustering key can be defined when a table is created by appending a CLUSTER Where each clustering key consists of one or more table columns/expressions, which can be of any data type, except GEOGRAPHY, VARIANT, OBJECT, or ARRAY https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/tables-clustering-keys

To verify the privileges that have been granted to a specific role in Snowflake, the correct SQL command is SHOW GRANTS TO ROLE <Role Name>. This command lists all the privileges granted to the specified role, including access to schemas, tables, and other database objects. This is a useful command for administrators and users with sufficient privileges to audit and manage role permissions within the Snowflake environment.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: SHOW GRANTS

In Snowflake, stored procedures and User-Defined Functions (UDFs) have different invocation patterns within SQL:

Option B is correct: A single executable statement can call only one stored procedure due to the procedural and potentially transactional nature of stored procedures. In contrast, a single SQL statement can call multiple UDFs because UDFs are designed to operate more like functions in traditional programming, where they return a value and can be embedded within SQL queries.References: Snowflake documentation comparing the operational differences between stored procedures and UDFs.

To extract the URL of a directory table on an external stage for further transformation in Snowflake, the GET_ABSOLUTE_PATH function can be used. This function returns the full path of a file or directory within a specified stage, enabling users to dynamically construct URLs for accessing or processing data stored in external stages.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Working with Stages

The Query Profile in Snowflake provides a graphical representation and statistics for each component of the query's execution plan. This includes details such as the execution time, the number of rows processed, and the amount of data scanned for each operation within the query. The Query Profile is a crucial tool for understanding and optimizing the performance of queries, as it helps identify potential bottlenecks and inefficiencies.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Understanding the Query Profile

Snowflake supports a variety of file formats for unloading semi-structured data, among which Parquet and Newline Delimited JSON (NDJSON) are two widely used formats.

B. Binary file in Parquet: Parquet is a columnar storage file format optimized for large-scale data processing and analysis. It is especially suited for complex nested data structures.

D. Newline Delimited JSON (NDJSON): This format represents JSON records separated by newline characters, facilitating the storage and processing of multiple, separate JSON objects in a single file.

These formats are chosen for their efficiency and compatibility with data analytics tools and ecosystems, enabling seamless integration and processing of exported data.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Data Unloading