ECCouncil 212-82 - Certified Cybersecurity Technician (CCT)

Containment is the IH&R step performed by Warren in the above scenario. IH&R (Incident Handling and Response) is a process that involves identifying, analyzing, containing, eradicating, recovering from, and reporting on security incidents that affect an organization’s network or system. Containment is the IH&R step that involves implementing appropriate measures to stop the infection from spreading to other organizational assets and to prevent further damage to the organization . Containment can be done by isolating the affected system or network, blocking malicious traffic or communication, disabling or removing malicious accounts or processes, etc. Recovery is the IH&R step that involves restoring the normal operation of the system or network after eradicating the incident. Eradication is the IH&R step that involves removing all traces of the incident from the system or network, such as malware, backdoors, compromised files, etc. Incident triage is the IH&R step that involves prioritizing incidents based on their severity, impact, and urgency. 

Eradication is the IH&R step performed by Fernando in this scenario. Eradication is a step in IH&R that involves eliminating the root cause of the incident and closing all attack vectors to prevent similar incidents in future. Eradication can include applying patches, installing security mechanisms, removing malware, restoring backups, or reformatting systems.

References: [Eradication Step in IH&R]

SQL Injection Basics:

SQL injection is a code injection technique that exploits vulnerabilities in an application's software by inserting malicious SQL statements into an input field for execution.

The correct answer is C, as it identifies the PCI-DSS requirement followed by Myles in the above scenario. PCI-DSS is a set of standards that aims to protect cardholder data and ensure secure payment transactions. PCI-DSS has 12 requirements that cover various aspects of security such as network configuration, data encryption, access control, vulnerability management, monitoring, and testing. PCI-DSS requirement no 5.1 states that “Protect all systems against malware and regularly update anti-virus software or programs”. In the above scenario, Myles followed this requirement by installing antivirus software on each laptop to detect and protect the machines from external malicious events over the Internet. Option A is incorrect, as it does not identify the PCI-DSS requirement followed by Myles in the above scenario. PCI-DSS requirement no 1.3.2 states that “Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet”. In the above scenario, Myles did not follow this requirement, as there was no mention of outbound traffic or cardholder data environment. Option B is incorrect, as it does not identify the PCI-DSS requirement followed by Myles in the above scenario. PCI-DSS requirement no 1.3.5 states that “Restrict inbound and outboundtraffic to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment”. In the above scenario, Myles did not follow this requirement, as there was no mention of inbound or outbound traffic or cardholder data environment. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the PCI-DSS requirement followed by Myles in the above scenario. PCI-DSS requirement no 1.3.1 states that “Implement a firewall configuration that restricts connections between publicly accessible servers and any system component storing cardholder data”. In the above scenario, Myles did not follow this requirement, as there was no mention of firewall configuration or publicly accessible servers or system components storing cardholder data.

References: Section 5.2

Data in transit is the state of data being processed between the e-commerce website and payment gateway in the above scenario. Data in transit is the data that is moving from one location to another over a network, such as the internet. Data in transit can be vulnerable to interception, modification, or theft by unauthorized parties. Therefore, data in transit should be protected using encryption, authentication, and secure protocols2. References: Data in Transit

Availability is the information security element that ensures that Stella’s transaction status is immediately reflected in her bank account in this scenario. Information security is the practice of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Information security can be based on three fundamental principles: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality is the principle that ensures that information is accessible only to authorized parties and not disclosed to unauthorized parties. Integrity is the principle that ensures that information is accurate, complete, and consistent and not altered or corrupted by unauthorized parties. Availability is the principle that ensures that information and information systems are accessible and usable by authorized parties when needed. In the scenario, Stella purchased a smartwatch online using her debit card. After making payment for the product through the payment gateway, she received a transaction text message with a deducted and available balance from her bank. This means that her transaction status was immediately reflected in her bank account, which indicates that availability was ensured by her bank’s information system. 

 A data-driven hunting method is a type of threat hunting method that employs existing data collected from various sources, such as DNS and proxy logs, to generate and test hypotheses about potential threats. This method relies on data analysis and machine learning techniques to identify patterns and anomalies that indicate malicious activity. A data-driven hunting method can help discover unknown or emerging threats that may evade traditional detection methods. An entity-driven hunting method is a type of threat hunting method that focuses on specific entities, such as users, devices, or domains, that are suspected or known to be involved in malicious activity. A TTP-driven hunting method is a type of threat hunting method that leverages threat intelligence and knowledge of adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to formulate and test hypotheses about potential threats. A hybrid hunting method is a type of threat hunting method that combines different approaches, such as data-driven, entity-driven, and TTP-driven methods, to achieve more comprehensive and effective results. 

Immediate Containment:

The first critical step in responding to a ransomware attack is to contain the spread of the malware. Isolating infected devices prevents the ransomware from propagating to other systems in the network.

In handling a case involving a missing laptop with sensitive financial data, the most important initial action regarding digital evidence is:

Securing the Scene:

Prevent Contamination: Secure the location where the laptop was last seen to prevent any further tampering or contamination of potential evidence.

Preservation: Ensure that any physical evidence related to the incident is preserved for further investigation.

Subsequent Steps:

Investigation: After securing the scene, proceed with interviewing personnel, reporting the incident to law enforcement, and analyzing the laptop (if found) without turning it on to avoid altering any evidence.

References:

Guidelines for handling digital evidence:NIST Digital Evidence

Best practices in digital forensics: SANS Institute

The loT device sent the command Temp_High over the network, which indicates that the temperature in the hospital was above the threshold level. This can be verified by analyzing the loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng file using a network protocol analyzer tool such as Wireshark4. The command Temp_High can be seen in the data field of the UDP packet sent from the loT device (192.168.0.10) to the server (192.168.0.1) at 12:00:03. The screenshot below shows the packet details5: References: Wireshark User’s Guide, [loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng]