Cisco 350-201 - Performing CyberOps Using Core Security Technologies (CBRCOR)

After a remote code execution attack, it is crucial to determine which systems were involved in the incident and to deploy any available patches to those systems. This step is part of the recovery stage, where the focus is on restoring the integrity of the systems and preventing the same vulnerability from being exploited again. Patching the systems helps to close the security gaps that the threat actor exploited and is a key measure in the process of recovering from such an attack

 Once the SOC analyst has stopped the malware from spreading and identified the attacking host, the next step in the incident response workflow is eradication and recovery. This involves removing the malware from all infected systems and restoring affected systems to normal operation. It’s important to ensure that the malware is completely eradicated to prevent it from reactivating or spreading

A European-based advertisement company that collects tracking information from partner websites must adhere to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). GDPR is the standard that governs data protection and privacy in the European Union and the European Economic Area. It provides guidelines on how personal data should be collected, processed, and stored, ensuring that individuals’ data is protected and that companies are transparent about their data handling practices

 One of the principles of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is that system maintenance tasks, which were traditionally performed manually, are now automated and managed bysoftware systems567. This allows for consistent, repeatable routines for provisioning and changing systems and their configuration, with changes made to definitions and then rolled out to systems through unattended processes that include thorough validation7.

The 2xx series of HTTP response codes indicate that the client’s request was successfully received, understood, and accepted1. These codes are used to communicate that the action requested by the client was processed successfully without any server-sideissues. For example, a 200 OK status code confirms that the request has succeeded, and a 201 Created indicates that a new resource has been created as a result of the request1.

Key risk indicators (KRIs) provide a clear perspective into the risk position of an organization. KRIs are metrics used to proactively measure risks that a business may face. They serve as early warning signs of upcoming crises, which can provide an organization’s management team time to create an action plan to mitigate that risk’s potential impact or prevent it from occurring2.

 To review packet overviews of SNORT alerts without including all the packet headers, which can result in excessively large files, the engineer should modify the output module rule to use the “alert_fast” option. This option allows SNORT to log alerts in a ‘fast’ format, which includes the timestamp, alert message, and the IP addresses and ports involved, but omits the packet headers. The correct syntax for this action would be output alert_fast: output filename, where ‘filename’ is the desired name for the alert log file.

According to the NIST.SP 800-150 guide to cyber threat information sharing, before uploading an infected file containing sensitive information to a hybrid-analysis sandbox, the analyst is required to remove all personally identifiable information (PII) to safeguard privacy. This step is crucial to protect the identities of individuals and comply with privacy laws and regulations. PII includes any data that could potentially identify a specific individual, such as names, addresses, social security numbers, and other identifiers1.

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NIST.SP 800-150 provides guidelines for cyber threat information sharing, which includes the handling of sensitive information and the importance of removing PII to maintain privacy and security

Wireshark decrypts TLS network traffic by using a key log file that contains per-session secrets1. This method is effective even when Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange is used, which is common in modern encrypted communications. The key log file is typically generated by applications like web browserswhen the SSLKEYLOGFILE environment variable is set. This file records the necessary per-session secrets that Wireshark can then use to decrypt the traffic1.

It’s important to note that while this method is universal and works across different TLS versions, including TLS 1.3, other methods such as using an RSA private key are limited to certain conditions and do not work with TLS 1.3 or when (EC)DHE cipher suites are selected1. Therefore, the key log file method is the most reliable and widely applicable approach for decrypting TLS in Wireshark.

According to NIST guidelines for conducting risk assessments, two critical elements required to calculate risk are understanding the vulnerabilities of the assets (asset vulnerability assessment) and having a detailed analysis of the threat (malware analysis report). The asset vulnerability assessment identifies the weaknesses that could be exploited by the malware, while the malware analysis report provides insight into the capabilities, propagation methods, and potential impact of the malware. These elements are essential for determining the likelihood and impact of the risk, which are key components of a risk assessment