IAPP CIPP-C - Certified Information Privacy Professional/ Canada (CIPP/C)

The federal Privacy Commissioner of Canada is authorized to initiate a court action in Federal Court after completing an investigation under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) if there has been a refusal to comply with a recommendation made by the Commissioner or if there is a need to clarify the application of the Act. Specifically, the Commissioner can seek a Federal Court determination when there is a dispute about whether personal information was properly withheld from release. This function aligns with the Commissioner's mandate to oversee compliance with PIPEDA and address complaints regarding the handling of personal information by organizations. This provision is found under Section 14 of PIPEDA.

Safeguarding and securing sensitive information under privacy legislation generally falls into three main categories: Administrative, Technical, and Physical. Administrative safeguards involve policies and procedures that manage the conduct of the organization's staff and the security of its data. Technical safeguards involve the technology used to protect data and control access to it. Physical safeguards refer to the measures taken to protect physical computer systems and related buildings and equipment from harm and unauthorized physical access. Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Physical," which complements administrative and technical safeguards to create a comprehensive security environment.