IAPP CIPT - Certified Information Privacy Technologist

ï‚· Encryption of Data in Transit: Encrypting health records during transfer is a critical security measure to protect data from interception and unauthorized access. Failure to do so exposes sensitive personal health information to potential breaches.

ï‚· Privacy Risks: Not encrypting data in transit can lead to significant privacy breaches, especially when dealing with highly sensitive health information. It is essential to use strong encryption methods to secure data during transfer between users' devices and servers.

 Reference: The IAPP’s documentation on Privacy by Design emphasizes the necessity of encryption for protecting personal data, particularly in healthcare applications where the risk and impact of data breaches are high. Additionally, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires encryption of electronic protected health information (ePHI) in transit to ensure its security and confidentiality.

Highlighting and bolding the "accept" button on a cookies notice while maintaining standard text format for other options is an example of "nudging." Nudging involves subtly guiding users towards a particular decision by making that option more visually prominent or appealing. In this case, the design choice makes it more likely that users will accept the cookies rather than explore other options, which could undermine informed consent and user autonomy. (Reference: IAPP CIPT Study Guide, Chapter on Privacy Notices and Consent)

Implementing digital rights management (DRM) technology would best improve an organization’s system of limiting data use. DRM technology helps control how data is used, shared, and accessed within and outside the organization by enforcing policies and permissions. This ensures that data is only used in ways that comply with organizational policies and legal requirements, thereby limiting unauthorized or inappropriate use of data.

Workplace surveillance best practices are designed to balance the need for security and productivity with respect for employees' privacy. Here's why option B is not considered a best practice:

Transparency and Consent: Best practices emphasize transparency. Employees should be aware of the surveillance and the reasons behind it. Discreet surveillance can create a distrustful work environment and potentially violate privacy laws.

Legal Compliance: Checking local privacy laws (A) ensures that surveillance practices are compliant with legal standards, which vary by region.

Data Minimization: Limiting exposure of the content (C) and ensuring minimal surveillance (D) align with data minimization principles, reducing the risk of misuse or over-collection of personal data.

Ethical Considerations: Ethical surveillance practices involve informing employees, obtaining consent, and using surveillance data responsibly.

The sharing of information within an organization should be documented with a data flow diagram. A data flow diagram (DFD) visually represents the flow of data within a system, showing how data is processed and transferred between different parts of the organization. It helps to identify where data is stored, how it moves through various processes, and where it might be shared internally. This method provides a clear and comprehensive overview of data interactions, facilitating better understanding and management of data sharing practices.

Referential integrity is a database concept that ensures the validity of relationships between data points in different tables but does not directly address data confidentiality. The methods that contribute to data confidentiality include differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, and k-anonymity, as these techniques are specifically designed to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the data subjects. The IAPP emphasizes that confidentiality involves measures to prevent unauthorized access and disclosures, which referential integrity does not inherently provide.