SAP C_TS422_2022 - SAP Certified Application Associate - SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing

 Multiple commitments occur when several operations are scheduled to start or finish at the same time on a work center. This can happen for different reasons, depending on the settings of the strategy profile and the work center. Two possible reasons are:

The Finite Scheduling indicator is NOT set in the strategy profile. This means that the system does not consider the capacity availability of the work center when scheduling the operations. The system only checks the basic dates and the relationships between the operations. Therefore, the system can schedule multiple operations at the same time on the same work center, resulting in multiple commitments.

The work center has several individual capacities. This means that the work center can perform several operations simultaneously, depending on the number and type of individual capacities. The system assigns the operations to the individual capacities based on the capacity category and the priority. However, if the individual capacities have the same capacity category and priority, the system can assign multiple operations to the same individual capacity, resulting in multiple commitments.

References: Scheduling | SAP Help Portal, Strategy Profile | SAP Help Portal, Individual Capacities | SAP Help Portal.

You can model goods receipt processing time in detailed scheduling by using one or more of the following options:

Model a handling resource in the location master: A handling resource is a special type of resource that represents the capacity required for goods movements within a location, such as loading, unloading, or staging. You can assign a handling resource to a location and define its availability and utilization. You can also specify the handling time per unit of material for each handling resource. The system will then calculate the goods receipt processing time based on the handling time and the quantity of the material.

Model a transportation lane and carrier selection in the location master: A transportation lane is a master data object that defines the relationship between two locations in terms of transportation modes, means of transport, transit times, and costs. You can assign a transportation lane to a location and define the transportation mode, such as truck, rail, or air. You can also specify the carrier selection, which is a rule that determines the preferred carrier for each transportation mode. The system will then calculate the goods receipt processing time based on the transit time and the carrier selection.

Model a goods receipt time in the material master: A goods receipt time is a parameter that defines the time required to post the goods receipt for a material after it arrives at the location. You can specify the goods receipt time in the material master record for each material and location combination. The system will then add the goods receipt time to the goods receipt processing time.

You cannot model goods receipt processing time in detailed scheduling by using the following options:

Model a separate resource in the production data structure: A resource is a master data object that represents the capacity required for production activities, such as machines, labor, or tools. You can assign a resource to a production data structure, such as a bill of material, a routing, or a production version. However, a resource cannot be used to model goods receipt processing time, as it is not related to goods movements.

Model a separate inbound resource in the location master: An inbound resource is a parameter that defines the maximum number of inbound deliveries that can be processed at a location at the same time. You can specify the inbound resource in the location master record for each location. However, an inbound resource cannot be used to model goods receipt processing time, as it is only a constraint for the number of deliveries, not the duration of the processing.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], pages 103-104; [SAP Help Portal: Goods Receipt Processing Time].

The system checks the master data selection settings during the creation of planned orders and production orders in the following places:

In the bill of material (BOM), the system checks the selection ID, which determines which alternative BOM is selected for the material. The selection ID can be maintained in the material master or in the production version.

In the routing, the system checks the selection ID, which determines which alternative routing is selected for the material. The selection ID can be maintained in the material master or in the production version.

In the production version, the system checks the validity period, the lot size, and the selection profile, which determine whether the production version is valid and applicable for the material. The production version combines the BOM and the routing for a material and can be maintained in the material master or in the production version master data. References: SAP S/4HANA Manufacturing for Planning & Scheduling - Implementation Guide, page 16; [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 75.

The MRP planning file is a list of all materials relevant to the planning run. The system sets an entry in the planning file for a material when there is a change that affects the material requirements planning, such as changes to stock, requirements, receipts, or MRP data in the material master. The following processes lead to an entry in the MRP planning file:

Changing the procurement type in the product master, which determines how the material is procured (internally or externally) and affects the MRP procedure and lot-sizing procedure.

Changing the stock in inventory management, which changes the stock/requirements situation of the material and triggers a net requirements calculation.

Changing the purchasing contract in materials management, which creates a purchase requisition as a receipt element and affects the availability of the material. References: Planning File, Planning File Entries for MRP Areas, SAP Exam C_TS422_1909 Topic 10 Question 10 Discussion

 When you save a confirmation for a finished product in repetitive manufacturing, the system performs the following actions by default12:

Posting of production costs to the production cost collector: The system calculates the actual costs for the confirmed quantity and posts them to the production cost collector assigned to the product. The production cost collector is a cost object that collects the costs for all confirmations of a product in a plant for a period.

Posting of goods receipt for the product: The system posts the confirmed quantity as a goods receipt to the warehouse. The product is valuated at the standard price defined in the material master record. The difference between the standard price and the actual costs is posted to a price difference account.

Reduction of associated capacity requirements: The system reduces the capacity requirements for the work center where the confirmation was made. The capacity requirements are calculated based on the confirmed quantity and the standard values for setup, machine, and labor time in the routing. References: 1: Repetitive Manufacturing Confirmation | SAP Help Portal(https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_S4HANA_ON-PREMISE/ee6ff9b281d8448f96b4fe6c89f2bdc8/66dd7fc2d4ac4a53b51f300a04ae24ac.html) 2: Confirming Production in Repetitive Manufacturing | SAP Help Portal(https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_S4HANA_ON-PREMISE/f899ce30af9044299d573ea30b533f1c/9231f9504a62eb5ee10000000a44538d.html).

You can exclude a material from the MRP run by using a specific material status or a specific MRP type. A material status is a user-defined indicator that can be assigned to a material master record to control the procurement and planning activities for the material. For example, you can define a material status that blocks the material from being planned by MRP. An MRP type is a parameter that defines how a material is planned by MRP. For example, you can use the MRP type ND (No Planning) to exclude the material from the MRP run.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 87; [SAP Help Portal: Material Status] and [SAP Help Portal: MRP Type].

The consumption of planned independent requirements by other requirements, such as sales orders or stock transport orders, depends on the planning strategy and the requirements type of the materials involved. The planning strategy defines the basic procedure for planning a material and determines whether the consumption is relevant for planning. The requirements type controls the consumption parameters, such as the consumption mode (forward, backward, or bidirectional), the consumption interval (period of time in which the consumption can take place), and the consumption indicator (whetherthe consumption reduces the planned independent requirements or not). References: Consumption of Planned Independent Requirements | SAP Help Portal, Planning Strategy | SAP Help Portal, Requirements Type | SAP Help Portal.

The tabular planning table for capacity planning provides two chart types: the capacity requirements chart and the work center capacities chart. The capacity requirements chart displays the capacity requirements for one or more orders, grouped by order, operation, or work center. The work center capacities chart displays the available capacity and the capacity requirements for one or more work centers, grouped by work center, capacity category, or shift sequence. You can switch between these chart types using the menu options Settings -> Chart type. References: Planning Table (tabular form), Capacity planning table

Make-to-stock production (10) is a planning strategy that supports the production of a finished good based on a forecast and without any reference to sales orders. This strategy is used when the finished good has a stable and predictable demand, and the company wants to maintain a certain level of safety stock to meet customer orders. If customers order more than the forecasted quantity, this does not affect the production program, as the system does not generate any additional planned orders or purchase requisitions for the finished good. Instead, the system reduces the planned independent requirements by the sales order quantity, and the excess demand is covered by the safety stock or the available stock. This strategy allows for a smooth and continuous production process, and avoids frequent changes in the production plan. References: Make-to-Stock Production | SAP Help Portal, Planning Strategies | SAP Help Portal, SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, page 52.

Lead time scheduling is a method of scheduling production orders that calculates the start and finish dates of each operation based on the operation duration, interoperation time, and other time elements. The time elements that are relevant for lead time scheduling of a production order are:

Setup time: The time required to prepare the work center for the operation, such as changing tools, adjusting machines, or cleaning the work area.

Processing time: The time required to perform the operation, such as machining, assembling, or testing the product.

Teardown time: The time required to restore the work center to its original state after the operation, such as removing tools, resetting machines, or disposing of waste.

Interoperation time: The time between two consecutive operations, such as transportation, waiting, or inspection time.

Float before production: The time buffer before the scheduled start date of the production order, which can be used to compensate for delays or changes in the production plan.

Float after production: The time buffer after the scheduled finish date of the production order, which can be used to compensate for delays or changes in the production plan.

The opening period and the total replenishment lead time are not relevant for lead time scheduling of a production order. The opening period is a parameter that defines the earliest possible start date of a production order, based on the material availability date and the planning time fence. The total replenishment lead time is a parameter that defines the total time required to procure or produce a material, from the time the requirement is identified until the time the material is available for use.

References: [Production Planning with SAP S/4HANA], pages 177-179; [SAP Help Portal: Lead Time Scheduling].