SAP C_TS422_2022 - SAP Certified Application Associate - SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing

A resource network is a business object in PP/DS that defines the allowed directed connections between two or more resources. A directed connection means that the connection from Resource 1 to Resource 2 is not the same as the inverse connection from Resource 2 to Resource 1. You use this object to model existing production constraints more precisely, with the objective of creating a finite and technically feasible production schedule. Resource networks simplify the modeling of resource restrictions for consecutive operations or orders1

A resource selection is a business object in PP/DS that defines the criteria for selecting a suitable resource for an operation or an order. You use this object to specify the characteristics, attributes, and capacities of the resources that can be used for a particular production process. Resource selection allows you to optimize the resource utilization and reduce the setup times and costs2

A resource matrix is a business object in PP/DS that defines the relationships between different resources based on their characteristics and attributes. You use this object to determine the setup times and costs for changing from one resource to another. Resource matrix allows you to model the setup effort and expense more accurately and improve the production efficiency3

A resource hierarchy is a business object in PP/DS that defines the structure and sequence of resources that are used for a production process. You use this object to represent the logical and physical dependencies of the resources and to control the scheduling and sequencing of the operations or orders. Resource hierarchy allows you to model the production flow and capacity more realistically and ensure the technical feasibility of the production plan.

References:

Resource Network | SAP Help Portal

Resource Selection | SAP Help Portal

Resource Matrix | SAP Help Portal

[Resource Hierarchy | SAP Help Portal]

The planning strategy Finite Scheduling with Reverse allows you to schedule production orders backwards from the requested delivery date, taking into account the available capacity and material constraints. To allow scheduling the past, you need to specify a negative offset time in the strategy profile. The offset time defines how far in the past the system can schedule the production order start date. For example, if you specify an offset time of -5 days, the system can schedule the production order start date up to 5 days before the current date. This can help you to avoid late deliveries and reduce lead times.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 97; [SAP Help Portal: Finite Scheduling with Reverse]

MRP (Material Requirements Planning) is a process that calculates the quantity and timing of material requirements based on the demand and supply situation. MRP performs a net requirement calculation for each material, which compares the available stock and the planned receipts with the requirements and the planned issues. MRP takes into account the following elements during net requirement calculation:

Safety stock: The minimum quantity of material that should be maintained at all times to avoid stockout situations due to unforeseen fluctuations in demand or supply. MRP considers the safety stock as a requirement and tries to replenish it whenever it falls below the defined level.

Purchase orders: The confirmed orders from external vendors that are expected to be delivered within a certain time frame. MRP considers the purchase orders as planned receipts and reduces the net requirement by the quantity and date of the purchase orders.

MRP does not take into account the following elements during net requirement calculation:

Forecast key figures: The projected demand for a material based on historical data, trends, and other factors. MRP does not consider the forecast key figures as requirements, but as a basis for creating planned independent requirements, which are then considered as requirements.

Maximum stock level: The maximum quantity of material that should be maintained at any time to avoid overstocking and excess inventory costs. MRP does not consider the maximum stock level as a constraint, but as a target value for the lot-sizing procedure, which determines the optimal quantity and frequency of replenishment orders.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 86; [SAP Help Portal: Net Requirements Calculation].

The difference between co-products and by-products is mainly in how they are accounted for in the production process. Co-products are products that have a relatively high salesvalue and are produced simultaneously from the same production process. By-products are products that have a relatively low sales value and are produced as a side effect of the main product. The following points explain the difference between them:

Only co-products are identified by a special item category in the bill of material (BOM). This item category is L (Co-product) and it indicates that the component is a co-product that shares the joint costs of the production process with the main product and other co-products. By-products do not have a special item category in the BOM. They are usually entered with a negative quantity and a negative item category, such as N (By-product)12.

Only co-products can be manufactured in isolation from the main product. This means that co-products can be produced independently from the main product if there is a demand for them. By-products cannot be manufactured in isolation from the main product. They are always produced as a result of the main product3 .

Only co-products have a zero inventory valuation. This means that co-products do not have a price in the material master and their inventory value is calculated based on the apportionment of the joint costs of the production process. By-products have a fixed inventory valuation based on the price specified by the price control in the material master. Their inventory value does not depend on the production process12.

Only co-products appear in the process or production order settlement rule. This means that co-products are settled to different receivers, such as sales orders, cost centers, or profitability segments, based on the apportionment structure defined in the material master of the leading co-product. By-products do not appear in the settlement rule. They are credited to the production order and reduce the total costs of the process12.

References:

1: SAP Help Portal: Co- and By-Products

2: SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 8: Product Compliance

3: SAP Co-Products and By-Products Tutorial - Free SAP PP Training - ERProof3

: Co-Product and By-product in Production order | SAP Blogs2

Materials that have a negative quantity in a bill of material or in a recipe are those that are produced in addition to the main product during a production process. They are either sold or disposed of, and their costs are apportioned among the main product and the co-products. By-products are materials that have a low value compared to the main product and are usually not planned in advance. Co-products are materials that have a high value compared to the main product and are usually planned in advance. Waste products are materials that have no value and are discarded or recycled. References: Bill of Material (BOM), Test sap pp 2020 s4 hana - DAYPO

If the available stock is zero and the discontinuation date is in the past, the material requirements planning (MRP) process will be affected. MRP will not create any planned orders or purchase requisitions for the discontinued component. Instead, it will create a discontinuation indicator in the MRP list and a discontinuation message in the exception message list. This will inform the planner that the component is no longer available and that a follow-up material should be used instead. References: [SAP Help Portal] - Discontinuation of Materials.

Before you create a BOM, you need to check if the material type of the header material is allowed in the BOM usage. The material type defines the attributes and functions of a material, such as whether it is a finished product, a raw material, or a trading good. The BOM usage defines the purpose and application of a BOM, such as production, engineering, or sales. Only certain combinations of material types and BOM usages are valid in SAP S/4HANA. For example, you cannot create a production BOM for a material type that is not relevant for production planning. References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 63; [SAP Help Portal: Material Type].

 A line hierarchy in repetitive manufacturing represents the structure of a production line that consists of multiple work centers. A line hierarchy is a master data object that defines the sequence and the relationship of the work centers that are involved in producing a material. A line hierarchy can be split into different levels, such as line segments, processing stations, or takt areas, to reflect the complexity and the variability of the production line. A line hierarchy can be used for planning and scheduling operations, controlling material flow, and monitoring production performance12.

The other options are not correct for the following reasons:

A production line with prioritized work centers (B): This is not correct. A line hierarchy does not define the priority of the work centers, but the order and the dependency of the work centers. The priority of the work centers can be determined by other factors, such as the capacity availability, the production rate, or the scheduling parameters.

A production line with a parallel sequence in the routing ©: This is not correct. A line hierarchy does not represent the parallel sequence in the routing, but the linear sequence of the work centers. A parallel sequence in the routing means that two or more operations can be performed simultaneously on different work centers for the same material. A parallel sequence in the routing can be modeled by using alternative sequences or parallel sequences in the line hierarchy3.

A production line with an alternative sequence in the routing (D): This is not correct. A line hierarchy does not represent the alternative sequence in the routing, but the main sequence of the work centers. An alternative sequence in the routing means that there are different options for performing an operation on different work centers for the samematerial. An alternative sequence in the routing can be modeled by using alternative sequences or parallel sequences in the line hierarchy3.

References:https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_S4HANA_ON-PREMISE/48b24fbadbee4e0b9dae0e2b72762e68/db8151ba8ca14106bf037a1546cde6a9.html

https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_S4HANA_ON-PREMISE/f899ce30af9044299d573ea30b533f1c/9231f9504a62eb5ee10000000a44538d.html

Backward scheduling is a method of determining the order dates for components from dependent requirements by starting from the requirement date of the finished product and working backwards through the production structure. Backward scheduling considers the following time elements:

Operation duration: This is the time required to perform an operation on a resource, such as a work center or a machine. Operation duration is influenced by various factors, such as the quantity, the lot size, the setup time, the processing time, the teardown time, and the operation scrap. Operation duration is subtracted from the requirement date of the finished product to determine the start date of the operation.

In-house production time: This is the time required to produce a material in-house, from the start of the first operation to the end of the last operation. In-house production time is influenced by various factors, such as the routing, the work center, the production version,and the scheduling margin key. In-house production time is subtracted from the start date of the first operation to determine the order start date of the material.

Backward scheduling does not consider the following time elements:

Total replenishment lead time: This is the time required to procure a material externally, from the creation of the purchase requisition to the receipt of the goods. Total replenishment lead time is influenced by various factors, such as the planned delivery time, the goods receipt processing time, the release time, and the scheduling margin key. Total replenishment lead time is used in forward scheduling, not backward scheduling, to determine the order dates for externally procured materials.

Planned delivery time: This is the time required to deliver a material from the vendor to the receiving plant. Planned delivery time is maintained in the purchasing info record or the material master record. Planned delivery time is a component of the total replenishment lead time, which is used in forward scheduling, not backward scheduling, to determine the order dates for externally procured materials. References: Backward Scheduling | SAP Help Portal, Scheduling | SAP Help Portal, SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, page 77-78.