Snowflake DEA-C01 - SnowPro Advanced: Data Engineer Certification Exam

A characteristic of the use of binding variables in JavaScript stored procedures in Snowflake is that only JavaScript variables of type number, string and sf Date can be bound. Binding variables are a way to pass values from JavaScript variables to SQL statements within a stored procedure. Binding variables can improve the security and performance of the stored procedure by preventing SQL injection attacks and reducing the parsing overhead. However, not all types of JavaScript variables can be bound. Only the primitive types number and string, and the Snowflake-specific type sf Date, can be bound. The other options are incorrect because they do not describe a characteristic of the use of binding variables in JavaScript stored procedures in Snowflake. Option A is incorrect because authenticator is not a type of JavaScript variable, but a parameter of the snowflake.connector.connect function. Option B is incorrect because arrow_number_to_decimal is not a type of JavaScript variable, but a parameter of the snowflake.connector.connect function. Option D is incorrect because users are not restricted from binding JavaScript variables, but encouraged to do so.

The query that will provide the status of the pipe is SELECT * FROM SYSTEM$PIPE_STATUS(‘test.“Extract”.my_pipe’);. The SYSTEM$PIPE_STATUS function returns information about a pipe, such as its name, status, last received message timestamp, etc. The function takes one argument: the pipe name in a qualified form. The pipe name should include the database name, the schema name, and the pipe name, separated by dots. If any of these names are case-sensitive identifiers, they should be enclosed in double quotes. In this case, the schema name Extract is case-sensitive and should be quoted. The other options are incorrect because they do not follow the correct syntax for the pipe name argument. Option A and B use single quotes instead of double quotes for case-sensitive identifiers. Option D uses double quotes instead of single quotes for non-case-sensitive identifiers.

The performance can be improved by increasing the size of the warehouse. The chart shows that the warehouse is queueing queries, which means that there are more queries than the warehouse can handle at its current size. Increasing the size of the warehouse will increase its processing power and concurrency limit, which could reduce the queueing time and improve the performance. The other options are not likely to improve the performance significantly. Option A, changing the cluster settings, will not help unless the minimum and maximum cluster countsare increased to allow for multi-cluster scaling. Option C, changing the scaling policy to economy, will not help because it will reduce the responsiveness of the warehouse to scale up or down based on demand. Option D, changing auto-suspend to a longer time frame, will not help because it will only affect how long the warehouse stays idle before suspending itself.

The most efficient way to process the incoming CDC on an ongoing basis is to create a stream on the staging table and schedule a task that transforms data from the stream only when the stream has data. A stream is a Snowflake object that records changes made to a table, such as inserts, updates, or deletes. A stream can be queried like a table and can provide information about what rows have changed since the last time the stream was consumed. A task is a Snowflake object that can execute SQL statements on a schedule without requiring a warehouse. A task can be configured to run only when certain conditions are met, such as when a stream has data or when another task has completed successfully. By creating a stream on the staging table and scheduling a task that transforms data from the stream, the Data Engineer can ensure that only new or modified rows are processed and that no unnecessary computations are performed.

The Snowflake Kafka connector uses three Snowflake objects: pipe, internal table stage, and internal named stage. The pipe object is used to load data from an external stage into a Snowflake table using COPY statements. The internal table stage is used to store files that are loaded from Kafka topics into Snowflake using PUT commands. The internal named stage is used to store files that are rejected by the COPY statements due to errors or invalid data. The other options are not objects that are used by the Snowflake Kafka connector. Option B, serverless task, is an object that can execute SQL statements on a schedule without requiring a warehouse. Option C, internal user stage, is an object that can store files for a specific user in Snowflake using PUT commands. Option F, storage integration, is an object that can enable secure access to external cloud storage services without exposing credentials.

A stored procedure that runs with caller’s rights executes with the privileges of the role that calls it. Therefore, if the stored procedure accesses an object that ROLEA does not have access to, such as a table or a view, the stored procedure will fail with an insufficient privileges error. The other options are not correct because:

A stored procedure can be converted from caller’s rights to owner’s rights by using the ALTER PROCEDURE command with the EXECUTE AS OWNER option.

A stored procedure that runs with caller’s rights executes in the context (database and schema) of the caller, not the owner.

ROLEA will be able to see the source code for the stored procedure by using the GET_DDL function or the DESCRIBE command, as long as it has usage privileges on the stored procedure.

The isolation level of Snowflake streams is repeatable read, which means that each transaction sees a consistent snapshot of data that does not change during its execution. Streams use time travel internally to provide this isolation level and ensure that queries on streams return consistent results regardless of concurrent transactions on their source tables.

The characteristics of data transformations in Snowpark that should be considered to meet this requirement are:

It is possible to join multiple tables using DataFrames.

Snowpark operations are executed lazily on the server.

These characteristics indicate how Snowpark can perform data transformations using DataFrames, which are similar to the ones used in Scala. DataFrames are distributed collections of rows that can be manipulated using various operations, such as joins, filters, aggregations, etc. DataFrames can be created from different sources, such as tables, files, or SQL queries. Snowpark operations are executed lazily on the server, which means that they are not performed until an action is triggered, such as a write or a collect operation. This allows Snowpark to optimize the execution plan and reduce the amount of data transferred between the client and the server.

The other options are not characteristics of data transformations in Snowpark that should be considered to meet this requirement. Option C is incorrect because User-Defined Functions (UDFs) are pushed down to Snowflake and executed on the server. Option D is incorrect because Snowpark does not require a separate cluster outside of Snowflake for computations, but rather uses virtual warehouses within Snowflake. Option E is incorrect because columns in different DataFrames with the same name should be referred to with dot notation, not squared brackets.