Huawei H31-341_V2.5 - HCIP-Transmission V2.5

ROADM networking has several key characteristics. (B) Existing services are not affected while the network is being upgraded because ROADMs support in-service wavelength reconfiguration, allowing maintenance and upgrades without service interruption. (C) The power equalization function enables channel-level power equalization, which balances the optical power of each wavelength to ensure signal quality and stability. However, (A) While network maintenance efficiency is improved with ROADM, it is not guaranteed that wavelengths can always be efficiently modified without cost implications, and (D) network construction costs are generally higher due to advanced hardware requirements. HCIP-Transmission highlights these features to showcase ROADM’s role in flexible, resilient optical networking with minimal disruption.

An inserted ODUk_PM_LCK overhead is transparently forwarded downstream rather than reported or converted into another alarm.

When a GE (Gigabit Ethernet) service is encapsulated into an OTN frame or an SDH frame structure, the client-side alarms reported are not different; they are consistent regardless of the encapsulation method. This consistency ensures reliable fault detection and service monitoring across different transport technologies. HCIP-Transmission specifies that client alarms depend on service and interface definitions rather than the underlying framing, ensuring seamless interoperability and troubleshooting in multi-protocol environments.

G.652-specific DCMs are designed for standard single-mode fibers and generally cannot properly compensate dispersion in G.655 (Leaf) fibers, which have different dispersion characteristics. Using G.652 DCMs for G.655 fiber compensation is therefore incorrect.

A TTI mismatch in the PM layer generates TTI and TIM alarms but does not constitute a loss of frame alignment, so ODUk_PM_LOF is not reported.

A break in the shared fiber link causes loss of optical power in both transmit and receive directions, triggering optical loss alarms on OA and OSC boards at both ends.

An advantage that is not true about OTN (Optical Transport Network) is that it provides a maximum of five levels of nested or overlapped TCM (Trail Connection Monitoring) connection monitoring (C). In reality, OTN provides powerful out-of-band FEC (Forward Error Correction), wide service interface support (from 2 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s), and meets the Tbit/s bandwidth requirements using WDM, but TCM monitoring is more limited. HCIP-Transmission clarifies that OTN’s strengths lie in scalability, error correction, and flexible service mapping, rather than extensive nested TCM levels.

A parallel FOADM site typically uses an EX40+EMR8 networking mode, where EX40 handles add/drop functions and EMR8 manages multiplexing and amplification.

The power difference becomes 6 dB (2 dBm – (–4 dBm) = 6 dB), which exceeds the 5 dB threshold, so protection switching occurs.