HP HPE6-A85 - Aruba Certified Campus Access Associate Exam

The correct command to add a static route to a class-c-network 10.2.10.0 via a gateway of 172.16.1.1 is ip-route 10.2.10.0/24 172.16.1.1 . This command specifies the destination network address (10.2.10.0) and prefix length (/24) and the next-hop address (172.16.1 .1) for reaching that network from the switch. The other commands are either incorrect syntax or incorrect parameters for adding a static route.References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/ip-routing/static-routes.htm

To add a static route in network devices, including Aruba switches, the correct command format generally includes the destination network, subnet mask (or CIDR notation for the mask), and the next-hop IP address. The command "ip route 10.2.10.0/24 172.16.1.1" correctly specifies the destination network "10.2.10.0" with a class C subnet mask indicated by "/24", and "172.16.1.1" as the next-hop IP address. This command is succinct and follows the standard syntax for adding a static route in many network operating systems, including ArubaOS-CX. The other options either have incorrect syntax or include additional unnecessary parameters that are not typically part of the standard command to add a static route.

In the context of the OSI model, the network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers. Hence, the network layer PDU is known as a packet.

When checking the status of LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) with the command "show lacp interfaces," various flags indicate the state of the LACP negotiation. "ALFOE" indicates different states for each letter: A (Activity), L (Link), F (Aggregation), O (Synchronization), and E (Collecting). In this context, the O flag is particularly of interest. If the O flag is not set (meaning the synchronization is not achieved), it typically suggests that LACP is not configured or not functioning correctly on the peer side, hence the link is not operational as part of an LACP channel.

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map layer-3 IP addresses to layer-2 MAC addresses. When a device on a network wants to communicate with another device, it uses ARP to find the MAC address that corresponds to the IP address it wishes to communicate with, allowing it to construct a frame for the local network.

USE CASE: a) Controls the dynamic addition and removal of ports to groups Technology: 3) LACP

USE CASE: b) Tags Ethernet frames with an additional VLAN header Technology: 1) 802.1Q

USE CASE: c) Used to authenticate EAP-Capable client on a switch port Technology: 2) 802.1X

USE CASE: d) Used to identify a voice VLAN to an IP phone Technology: 4) LLDP

The following table summarizes the switching technologies and their use cases:

Technology

Use case

1) 802.1Q

802.1Q is a standard that defines how to create and manage virtual LANs (VLANs) on a network. VLANs allow network administrators to logically segment a network into different broadcast domains, improving security, performance, and manageability. 802.1Q tags Ethernet frames with an additional VLAN header that contains a VLAN identifier (VID), which indicates which VLAN the frame belongs to1.

2) 802.1X

802.1X is a standard that defines how to provide port-based network access control (PNAC) on a network. PNAC allows network administrators to authenticate and authorize devices before granting them access to network resources. 802.1X uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to exchange authentication messages between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network), an authenticator (a device that controls access to the network, such as a switch), and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant, such as a RADIUS server)2.

3) LACP

LACP stands for Link Aggregation Control Protocol, which is part of the IEEE 802.3ad standard that defines how to bundle multiple physical links into a single logical link, also known as a link aggregation group (LAG) or an EtherChannel. LAGs provide increased bandwidth, load balancing, and redundancy for network connections. LACP controls the dynamic addition and removal of ports to groups, ensuring that only ports with compatible configurations can form a LAG3.

4) LLDP

LLDP stands for Link Layer Discovery Protocol, which is part of the IEEE 802.1AB standard that defines how to discover and advertise information about neighboring devices on a network. LLDP operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and uses TLVs (type-length-value) to exchange information such as device name, port number, VLAN ID, capabilities, and power requirements. LLDP can be used to identify a voice VLAN to an IP phone by sending a TLV that contains the voice VLAN ID and priority.

References: 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1Q  2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X  3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_aggregation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Layer_Discovery_Protocol

In Aruba Central's network check page, you can run several diagnostic tests on switches. A ping test is a common utility to check the reachability of a host on an IP network. A Power over Ethernet (PoE) check can help verify the power delivery status to PoE-capable devices. These tests are crucial for ensuring connectivity and power supply to network devices

EAP-TEAP is a tunnel-based authentication method that supports both device and user authentication within a single RADIUS session. ClearPass 6.9 supports EAP-TEAP as an authentication method for Windows 10 clients.References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.9/Guest/Content/CPPM_UserGuide/EAP-TEAP/EAP-TEAP.htm

For the requirement to authorize both device and user credentials within one Radius session, the correct solution would be ClearPass 6.9 with EAP-TEAP (EAP-Tunneled Extensible Authentication Protocol). EAP-TEAP is a tunneling protocol that creates a secure communication channel between the client and the server, allowing for the transmission of multiple authentication transactions within a single session. This capability is particularly useful in scenarios where both user and device credentials need to be verified before granting access to network resources, providing an additional layer of security and ensuring that both the user and the device are authorized to access the network.

When a wireless client’s countdown timer (also known as a backoff timer) reaches zero during contention-based access periods, and it receives a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP), it has the right to transmit its data frames on the medium. After sending the data frames, it expects an acknowledgment (ACK) from the Access Point (AP) to ensure the frames were received successfully.

ClearPass OnGuard is a component of the ClearPass Policy Manager that performs health and security posture checks on devices to ensure they meet the organization's compliance requirements before allowing access to the network. It operates as an agent on client systems to perform these checks.