Amazon Web Services SOA-C02 - AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate (SOA-C02)

A mount target provides an IP address for an NFSv4 endpoint at which you can mount an Amazon EFS file system. You mount your file system using its Domain Name Service (DNS) name, which resolves to the IP address of the EFS mount target in the same Availability Zone as your EC2 instance. You can create one mount target in each Availability Zone in an AWS Region. If there are multiple subnets in an Availability Zone in your VPC, you create a mount target in one of the subnets. Then all EC2 instances in that Availability Zone share that mount target. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/how-it-works.html

https://d1.awsstatic.com/training-and-certification/docs-sysops-associate/AWS-Certified-SysOps-Administrator-Associate_Sample-Questions_C02.pdf

Evictions in Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached occur when the cache runs out of available memory and needs to remove existing data to store new data. To reduce evictions, you can either add more nodes to the cluster or increase the size of the individual nodes.

Add an Additional Node:

Open the Amazon ElastiCache console at Amazon ElastiCache Console.

Select your Memcached cluster and choose Modify.

Increase the number of nodes in the cluster to add more memory capacity.

Apply the changes to scale out the cluster.

Increase the Individual Node Size:

Open the Amazon ElastiCache console and select your Memcached cluster.

Choose Modify and change the node type to a larger instance size with more memory.

Apply the changes to scale up the cluster.

Both actions will provide additional memory capacity, reducing the likelihood of evictions due to insufficient memory.

Scaling ElastiCache for Memcached

Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached User Guide

CloudTrail Log File Integrity Validation:

AWS CloudTrail provides a feature for log file integrity validation to ensure logs have not been modified or deleted.

Steps to Enable and Validate:

Enable Log File Integrity Validation:

Go to the CloudTrail Console.

Select or create a trail.

In the trail settings, enable Log file validation.

Use the AWS CLI for Validation:

Use the following CLI command:

aws cloudtrail validate-logs --trail-name

This command validates the digest files generated by CloudTrail against the log files.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

B: Using the AWS CloudTrail Processing Library is unnecessary for validation.

C: CloudTrail Insights is designed to identify unusual activity, not monitor log modifications.

D: Amazon CloudWatch Logs cannot directly monitor CloudTrail logs for integrity.

ï‚· Objective:

Publish VPC flow logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

ï‚· Root Cause:

VPC flow logs require an IAM role with permissions to create log groups, log streams, and write logs to CloudWatch Logs.

If the logs:CreateLogGroup permission is missing, the flow log cannot create the required log group, and logs will not appear in CloudWatch.

ï‚· Solution Implementation:

Step 1: Verify the IAM role attached to the VPC flow logs.

Step 2: Add the following permissions to the IAM policy:

logs:CreateLogGroup

logs:CreateLogStream

logs:PutLogEvents

Step 3: Update the IAM role policy and retry creating flow logs.

ï‚· AWS References:

VPC Flow Logs Permissions:Permissions for VPC Flow Logs

ï‚· Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: logs:CreateExportTask is for exporting logs from CloudWatch to S3, not for creating log groups.

Option C: IPv6 addresses do not impact the publishing of flow logs to CloudWatch Logs.

Option D: VPC peering does not block flow log functionality.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

Understand the Problem:

Enforce a policy that requires all AWS resources to be tagged according to company policy.

Continuously identify non-compliant resources.

Analyze the Requirements:

Implement a solution to monitor and enforce resource tagging compliance.

Evaluate the Options:

Option A: AWS CloudTrail.

Provides logging and monitoring of API calls but does not enforce tagging policies.

Option B: Amazon Inspector.

Primarily used for security assessments, not resource tagging compliance.

Option C: AWS Config.

Monitors and evaluates the configurations of AWS resources.

Can enforce compliance by using AWS Config rules to check resource tags.

Option D: AWS Systems Manager.

Provides operational insights and management but is not specifically designed for compliance enforcement.

Select the Best Solution:

Option C: AWS Config is designed for compliance and configuration monitoring, making it the ideal service for enforcing and identifying non-compliant resource tags.

AWS Config

Managing Resource Tag Compliance with AWS Config

AWS Config provides the necessary tools to enforce and monitor resource tagging compliance, ensuring all resources adhere to the set policy.

"A certificate is eligible for automatic renewal subject to the following considerations: ELIGIBLE if associated with another AWS service, such as Elastic Load Balancing or CloudFront. ELIGIBLE if exported since being issued or last renewed. ELIGIBLE if it is a private certificate issued by calling the ACM RequestCertificate API and then exported or associated with another AWS service. ELIGIBLE if it is a private certificate issued through the management console and then exported or associated with another AWS service." https://docs.aws.amazon.com/acm/latest/userguide/managed-renewal.html

The S3 bucket is being used as the origin for a CloudFront distribution. To serve content via CloudFront:

You must point the DNS record to the CloudFront domain name (e.g., d11111abcdef8.cloudfront.net)

Not directly to the S3 bucket, even if that's the origin

From CloudFront with S3 static website hosting:

To use CloudFront to serve your content, update your DNS settings so your domain name (CNAME) points to your CloudFront distribution.

To analyze CloudWatch logs across multiple AWS Lambda functions for historical errors, the most operationally efficient way is to use AWS Glue and Amazon Athena.

AWS Glue and Amazon Athena:

AWS Glue can crawl the data in S3, creating a catalog that makes it queryable.

Amazon Athena allows you to run SQL queries on the data cataloged by AWS Glue.

Steps to Implement:

Set up an AWS Glue crawler to index the logs stored in S3.

Configure the crawler to create a table in the AWS Glue Data Catalog.

Use Amazon Athena to query the table for errors using SQL. Since errors have a common string prefix, you can use SQL queries to filter and find these errors.

AWS Glue

Amazon Athena

Reuse templates to replicate stacks in multiple environments After you have your stacks and resources set up, you can reuse your templates to replicate your infrastructure in multiple environments. For example, you can create environments for development, testing, and production so that you can test changes before implementing them into production. To make templates reusable, use the parameters, mappings, and conditions sections so that you can customize your stacks when you create them. For example, for your development environments, you can specify a lower-cost instance type compared to your production environment, but all other configurations and settings remain the same. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html#reuse

Amazon RDS Proxy is a fully managed, highly available database proxy for Amazon RDS that helps improve the scalability, availability, and security of database applications. It allows applications to pool and share database connections, reducing the overhead associated with opening and closing connections, which can be particularly beneficial in scenarios with fluctuating workloads, such as those managed by Auto Scaling groups.

By implementing RDS Proxy, you can:

Reduce CPU and Memory Overhead:By managing a pool of connections, RDS Proxy reduces the number of active connections to the database, thereby decreasing the CPU and memory usage on the RDS instance.

Improve Application Scalability:RDS Proxy can handle a large number of simultaneous connections, making it easier to scale applications without overloading the database.

Enhance Availability:In the event of a database failover, RDS Proxy can automatically connect to a standby database instance, preserving application connections and reducing failover times.

Therefore, creating an RDS Proxy and configuring it to connect to the existing PostgreSQL database is the most effective solution to meet the company's requirements.