WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations - WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam

Measure and mark the lumber cuts: This step involves measuring and marking the specific cuts required for the picnic table. It ensures that the lumber pieces are appropriately sized for assembly.

Determine the needed materials: Before purchasing materials, it’s essential to determine what is required. This step involves creating a list of necessary items such as lumber, screws, paint, etc.

Buy the needed materials: Once the materials list is ready, proceed to purchase them. This step ensures that you have all the necessary supplies before starting the construction.

Cut the lumber to the proper dimensions: With the materials on hand, cut the lumber according to the measurements marked in step 1. This ensures that the pieces fit together correctly during assembly.

Assemble the pieces and paint: Finally, assemble the cut lumber pieces to create the picnic table. After assembly, apply paint or finish as desired.

References

No specific references are provided for this question, but the steps align with general woodworking practices for constructing a picnic table. You can refer to woodworking guides or carpentry resources for further details.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The expression x - y * 2 involves subtraction and multiplication, evaluated according to operator precedence. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., C and Python standards), multiplication (*) has higher precedence than subtraction (-), so y * 2 is computed first.

Given: x = 12, y = 4.

Compute: y * 2 = 4 * 2 = 8.

Then: x - (y * 2) = 12 - 8 = 4.

Option A: "4." This is correct, as calculated above.

Option B: "6." This is incorrect. It might result from misinterpreting precedence (e.g., (x - y) * 2 = (12 - 4) * 2 = 16).

Option C: "8." This is incorrect. It might result from computing x - y = 12 - 4 = 8 and ignoring * 2.

Option D: "14." This is incorrect. It does not align with the expression’s evaluation.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operator Precedence).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Expressions).

W3Schools: “Python Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm assigns a value to a based on the value of x, checking if x is negative, zero, or positive. According to foundational programming principles, conditional statements (if-else) are used to categorize inputs based on conditions.

Algorithm Analysis:

if x < 0: If x is negative, set a = 1.

else if x = 0: If x is zero, set a = 2. (Note: = is likely a typo for == in comparison.)

else: If x > 0 (positive), set a = 3.

Outcome: The algorithm categorizes x into three states: negative (x < 0), zero (x == 0), or positive (x > 0).

Option A: "Whether x is odd." Incorrect. The algorithm does not check parity (e.g., x % 2).

Option B: "Whether x is evenly divisible by 2 or 3." Incorrect. No divisibility checks (e.g., x % 2 or x % 3) are performed.

Option C: "Whether x is negative, 0, or positive." Correct. The conditions directly test x < \ 0, x == 0, and x > 0.

Option D: "Whether x is even." Incorrect. The algorithm does not test evenness.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Conditional Statements).

Python Documentation: “If Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements).

W3Schools: “C If Else” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_if_else.php).

C, C++, and Java are all considered compiled languages. This means that the code written in these languages is not executed directly by the hardware but must first be translated into machine code by a compiler.

C is a general-purpose programming language that is compiled to generate machine code which can be executed directly by the computer’s CPU1.

C++ is an extension of C that includes object-oriented features. It is also a compiled language, where the source code is converted into machine code that can be executed by the CPU2.

Java is a bit unique because it is compiled into bytecode, which is then run on a virtual machine (JVM) rather than directly by the CPU. However, it is still considered a compiled language because the source code is compiled before it is executed2.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard for structuring content on the web. According to foundational programming principles, HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, and does not involve typing (dynamic or static) or OOP.

Option A: "Dynamically typed." This is incorrect. HTML is not a programming language and does not involve variables or typing. Dynamic typing applies to languages like Python or JavaScript.

Option B: "Markup." This is correct. HTML is a markup language used to define the structure of web content using tags (e.g.,

,

).

Option C: "Statically typed." This is incorrect. HTML does not involve typing, as it is not a programming language. Static typing applies to languages like C or Java.

Option D: "Object-oriented." This is incorrect. HTML lacks OOP features like classes, inheritance, or polymorphism, as it is designed for content structuring, not programming.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “HTML Basics” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics).

Let's evaluate F(3):

F(3) = (4 * 3) - 8

F(3) = 12 - 8

F(3) = 4

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Waterfall methodology follows a linear sequence: requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), the design phase involves creating detailed technical specifications, including outlining functions to be written.

Waterfall Phases Overview:

Analysis: Defines requirements (e.g., “the system must track books, loans, and returns”).

Design: Creates technical plans, including system architecture and function specifications (e.g., addBook(), checkOutBook()).

Implementation: Writes the code for the specified functions.

Testing: Verifies the system meets requirements.

Option A: "Testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the implemented functions, not their planning.

Option B: "Analysis." This is incorrect. Analysis identifies high-level requirements (e.g., system features), not specific functions.

Option C: "Design." This is correct. In the design phase, the programmer outlines the functions needed (e.g., function names, parameters, and purposes) to support the inventory system, creating a blueprint for implementation.

Option D: "Implementation." This is incorrect. Implementation involves coding the functions, which occurs after they are outlined in the design phase.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

Pressman, R.S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Model).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Design).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The tasks described involve creating a technical plan (listing objects and functions) and coding (writing the objects). According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies, these correspond to the design phase (planning the structure) and the implementation phase (coding).

Agile Phases Analysis:

Analysis: Defines requirements (e.g., “the game must support players and moves”).

Design: Specifies technical components (e.g., objects like Player, Board, and functions like makeMove()).

Implementation: Writes the code for the specified components.

Testing: Verifies the code works as intended.

Tasks Breakdown:

Creating a list of objects and functions: This is a design task, as it involves planning the program’s structure (e.g., class diagrams or function signatures).

Writing the code for each object: This is an implementation task, as it involves coding the objects (e.g., implementing the Player class).

Option A: "Analysis and design." This is incorrect. Analysis defines high-level requirements, not the specific objects and functions, which are part of design.

Option B: "Design and implementation." This is correct. Designing the list of objects and functions occurs in the design phase, and writing their code occurs in the implementation phase.

Option C: "Analysis and implementation." This is incorrect. Analysis does not involve listing technical components like objects and functions.

Option D: "Design and testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the coded objects, not the act of creating their list or writing their code.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Phases).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 4: Agile Software Development).

Agile Alliance: “Design and Implementation” (https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/design/).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The snippet not (g != 8) contains two operators: not (logical NOT) and != (not equal, an equality operator). According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), operators are categorized by their function, such as logical, equality, arithmetic, or assignment.

Snippet Analysis:

not: A logical operator that negates a boolean expression (e.g., not True yields False).

!=: An equality operator that checks if two values are not equal (e.g., g != 8 returns True if g is not 8).

Option A: "Equality and logical." This is correct. The snippet includes != (equality) and not (logical).

Option B: "Logical and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no arithmetic operators (e.g., +, -, *, /) in the snippet.

Option C: "Equality and arithmetic." This is incorrect. The snippet lacks arithmetic operators.

Option D: "Assignment and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no assignment operators (e.g., =) or arithmetic operators in the snippet.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

Python Documentation: “Logical Operators” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations).

W3Schools: “C Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_operators.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The question is incomplete, as the definition of the Greeting() function is not provided. However, based on standard programming problem patterns and the output options, we assume Greeting() is a function that outputs "Hello!" each time it is called. According to foundational programming principles, calling a function multiple times repeats its output unless state changes occur.

Assumption: Greeting() outputs "Hello!" to the console (e.g., in Python: def Greeting(): print("Hello!")).

Calling Greeting() twice outputs "Hello!" twice, concatenated in the output stream as "Hello!Hello!" (assuming no extra newlines or spaces, as is typical in such problems).

Option A: "Hello!." This is incorrect. A single "Hello!" would result from one call, not two.

Option B: "Hello!!." This is incorrect. This suggests a modified output (e.g., adding an extra !), which is not implied by the function’s behavior.

Option C: "Hello!Hello!." This is correct. Two calls to Greeting() produce "Hello!" twice, appearing as "Hello!Hello!" in the output.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Function Calls and Output).

Python Documentation: “Print Function” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print).

W3Schools: “C Output” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_output.php).