WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations - WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam

The loop variable update statement is responsible for changing the loop variable’s value after each iteration of the loop, ensuring that the loop progresses and eventually terminates. In the options provided, J = j + 3 is the statement that updates the loop variable j by adding 3 to its current value. This is a typical update statement found in loops, particularly in ‘for’ or ‘while’ loops, where the loop variable needs to be changed systematically to avoid infinite loops.

This is the most likely event during the analysis phase. It involves:

Understanding the requirements: What specific capabilities are needed?

Breaking down the problem: How can those capabilities be achieved within the existing codebase, potentially by leveraging functions to organize and reuse code.

Technical Design: Starting to think about the structure of the solution without diving fully into implementation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A function that converts a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to Celsius (C) should output the Celsius value, as the purpose is to perform the conversion. The formula is C = (F - 32) * 5 / 9. According to foundational programming principles, a function’s output should be the computed result of its task.

Option A: "C only." This is correct. The function’s purpose is to convert F to C, so it should return the Celsius temperature (e.g., in Python: def f_to_c(f): return (f - 32) * 5 / 9).

Option B: "F only." This is incorrect. Returning the input (Fahrenheit) does not accomplish the conversion.

Option C: "F and C." This is incorrect. While the function could return both, the question asks for the output of the conversion, which is C. Returning F is redundant.

Option D: "F and 32." This is incorrect. The constant 32 is part of the formula but not a meaningful output, and F is the input, not the result.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Return Values).

Python Documentation: “Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions).

W3Schools: “C Functions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The modulo operator (%) returns the remainder when the first operand is divided by the second. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., C and Python standards), for integers x and y, x % y computes the remainder of x ÷ y.

Given: x = 41, y = 16.

Compute: 41 ÷ 16 = 2 (quotient, ignoring decimal) with a remainder.

16 × 2 = 32, and 41 - 32 = 9. Thus, 41 % 16 = 9.

Option A: "-15." This is incorrect. The modulo operation with positive integers yields a non-negative result.

Option B: "-11." This is incorrect. The result is positive and based on the remainder.

Option C: "-8." This is incorrect. The remainder cannot be negative here.

Option D: "9." This is correct, as calculated above.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Multiplicative Operators).

Python Documentation: “Modulo Operator” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To sum all numbers in an array, the program must iterate through each element exactly once and add it to a running total. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), a for loop is the most appropriate control structure for iterating over a known sequence like an array.

Task Analysis:

Input: An array of numbers (e.g., [1, 2, 3]).

Operation: Iterate through each element and add to a sum (e.g., 1 + 2 + 3 = 6).

A single loop is sufficient, as the task involves a single pass through the array.

Option A: "One while loop." This is incorrect. While a while loop can iterate through an array (e.g., using an index variable), it requires manual index management (e.g., i = 0; while i < length), making it less concise and more error-prone than a for loop for this task.

Option B: "Nested for loops." This is incorrect. Nested loops are used for multi-dimensional arrays or multiple iterations (e.g., matrix operations), but summing a single array requires only one loop.

Option C: "Multiple if statements." This is incorrect. If statements are for conditional logic, not iteration. They cannot traverse an array to sum elements.

Option D: "One for loop." This is correct. A for loop is ideal for iterating over an array’s elements. For example, in Python:

numbers = [1, 2, 3]

total = 0

for num in numbers:

total += num

Or in C:

c

int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3};

int total = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

total += numbers[i];

}

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Control Structures: Loops).

Python Documentation: “For Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements).

W3Schools: “C For Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_for_loop.php).

A. round_number(4.723, 2) - This is not a valid function call because there is no function named round_number defined in the given context.

B. convort_value(12) - This is not a valid function call either. Additionally, the expected return value “cVa1” seems to be a typo or an incorrect value.

C. Printsample() - This is a valid function call. It invokes the function named Printsample.

D. CountFactors(96 integer) - This is not a valid function call. The parameter “integer” should not be included in the function call.

E. function Sample(float 2.0) - This is not a valid function call. The function name should not start with the keyword “function,” and the parameter “float 2.0” is not correctly formatted.

F. GetHeight(integer 3, integer 4) - This is a valid function call. It calls the function GetHeight with two integer arguments: 3 and 4.

References

GeeksforGeeks: Function Calling in Programming

Stack Overflow: Different ways to call a function

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Describing objects (e.g., classes) and functions for a file compression program involves planning the technical structure and coding it. According to foundational programming principles, this occurs in the design phase (specifying objects and functions) and the implementation phase (writing the code).

Waterfall Phases Analysis:

Analysis: Defines requirements (e.g., “compress files and split them”).

Design: Specifies objects (e.g., FileCompressor class) and functions (e.g., compressFile(), splitFile()) to meet requirements.

Implementation: Codes the described objects and functions.

Testing: Verifies the program works as intended.

Option A: "Analysis and implementation." This is incorrect. Analysis defines high-level requirements, not specific objects or functions, which are detailed in design.

Option B: "Design and implementation." This is correct. Design involves describing the objects and functions (e.g., class diagrams, function signatures), and implementation involves coding them.

Option C: "Implementation and testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the coded objects and functions, not their description.

Option D: "Design and testing." This is incorrect. Testing occurs after implementation, not when describing objects and functions.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Design and Implementation).

Pressman, R.S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition (Waterfall Phases).

C++ is a programming language that provides extensive support for object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data in the form of fields, often known as attributes, and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. C++ offers features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction which are fundamental to OOP. This makes C++ a powerful tool for developing complex software systems that require a modular and scalable approach.

The information provided is based on standard programming principles and the foundational knowledge of scripting and programming, which includes understanding the capabilities and applications of various programming languages1.

A function definition is the blueprint for a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Here's what it includes:

Function Name: A unique name to identify and call the function (e.g., calculate_area).

Inputs (Parameters/Arguments): Values or variables passed into the function when it's called (e.g., width, height).

Outputs (Return Value): The result the function produces after processing (e.g., the calculated area). This value may or may not be explicitly returned.

Statements (Function Body): Contains the code that performs the actions and calculations within the function.

The C(M) programming language is designed to translate mathematical constructions into efficient C programs. It is a declarative functional language with strong type checking and supports high-level functional programming. The C(M) compiler translates the C(M) program into a readable C program, which then needs to be compiled into machine code in the form of an executable file before it can be executed1. This process is typical of compiled languages, where the source code is transformed into machine code, which can be directly executed by the computer’s CPU. In contrast, interpreted languages are typically run by an interpreter, executing one statement at a time, which generally results in slower execution compared to compiled languages.