WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations - WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam

Initialize two variables: x and Count to zero.

Iterate through each number in the NumList.

For each number in the list:

Add the number to x.

Increment Count by one.

After processing all numbers in the list, calculate the average:

Average = x / Count.

The NumList contains the following integers: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Calculating the average: (1 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) / 6 = 30 / 6 = 5.0.

However, none of the provided options match this result. It seems there might be an error in either the options or the calculation.

 During the design phase of an agile process, the focus is on determining the functions that need to be written. This involves understanding the user requirements and defining the system architecture to meet those needs. The design phase is iterative, allowing for continuous refinement and improvement of the design as more is learned about the system and its users. It’s a collaborative effort involving designers, developers, and stakeholders to ensure that the functions align with the goals of the project and the needs of the users.

Space complexity refers to the amount of memory space required by an algorithm in relation to the size of the input data. It is a function, often denoted as S(N), that represents the number of fixed-size memory units used by the algorithm for an input of size N. For example, if an algorithm needs to create a new array that is the same size as the input array, its space complexity would be linear, or O(N), where N is the size of the input array. This term is crucial in evaluating the efficiency of an algorithm, especially when working with large data sets or in systems with limited memory resources.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A compiled programming language is one where the source code is translated into machine code (or an intermediate form) by a compiler before execution. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), this process results in an executable file that can run independently of the compiler.

Option A: "The program usually runs slower than an interpreted language." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, C++) typically produce machine code that runs faster than interpreted languages (e.g., Python), as the translation to machine code is done beforehand, avoiding runtime interpretation overhead.

Option B: "The code runs directly one statement at a time by another program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler translates the entire program into machine code before execution, not one statement at a time. Running code one statement at a time is characteristic of an interpreter, not a compiler.

Option C: "The code must be compiled into machine code in the form of an executable file before execution." This is correct. In compiled languages like C or Java (which compiles to bytecode), the source code is translated into machine code or an intermediate form (e.g., .exe or .class files) that can be executed directly by the machine or a virtual machine.

Option D: "The code does not require being translated into machine code but can be run by a separate program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler’s role is to translate code into machine code. Running code without translation describes an interpreted language, and the term “compiler” is misused here.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011).

W3Schools: “C Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_intro.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile, the analysis phase (often part of sprint planning or backlog refinement) involves gathering and refining requirements, typically as user stories or features, based on stakeholder input. According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Agile Manifesto), the analysis phase focuses on defining what the system should do.

Agile Analysis Phase:

Identifies and prioritizes requirements, often incorporating customer feedback.

Produces user stories or feature lists (e.g., “add new animation effects”).

Option A: "Deciding that new capabilities in the animation application will be written as functions without the need for any new objects." This is incorrect. This decision involves technical design (e.g., choosing procedural vs. object-oriented approaches), which occurs in the design phase, not analysis.

Option B: "Sending the application to customers for additional evaluation after new features are added." This is incorrect. This occurs during testing or deployment phases (e.g., sprint review or user acceptance testing), not analysis.

Option C: "Deciding to add five new capabilities to the animation application based on customer feedback." This is correct. In Agile, analysis includes refining the product backlog by adding new features (capabilities) based on customer feedback, such as new animation effects or tools.

Option D: "Writing the code for five new capabilities." This is incorrect. Writing code occurs during the implementation phase, not analysis.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Analysis).

Agile Manifesto: “Customer Collaboration” (http://agilemanifesto.org/).

Cohn, M., User Stories Applied (Chapter 2: Agile Requirements).

To determine if the difference between two values is greater than 1, the subtraction operation should be used. By subtracting one value from the other, you obtain the difference. If this difference is greater than 1, it confirms that the two values are separated by more than a single unit. This is a fundamental operation in programming and mathematics for comparing magnitudes and is supported by the logical comparison operator > which checks if the result of the subtraction is greater than 1123.

The expression ((x % 8) - y) involves the modulo operation and subtraction. The modulo operation finds the remainder when ( x ) is divided by ( 8 ). Given ( x = 41 ), we calculate ( 41 % 8 ) which equals ( 1 ) because ( 41 ) divided by ( 8 ) equals ( 5 ) with a remainder of ( 1 ). Then, we subtract ( y ) (which is ( 16 )) from this remainder:

(41%8)−16=1−16=−15

However, there seems to be a discrepancy here as the calculation shows the answer should be (-15), but this is not an option provided in your question. Please double-check the options or the expression provided.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile software development, the process is iterative, with phases including analysis, design, implementation, and testing. According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Agile Manifesto), creating a function (writing code) occurs during the implementation phase.

Agile Phases Overview:

Analysis: Gathers requirements (e.g., user stories like “calculate shipping costs based on weight and zip code”).

Design: Plans the technical solution (e.g., specifying the function’s signature, inputs, and outputs).

Implementation: Writes and integrates the code (e.g., coding the function).

Testing: Verifies the code meets requirements.

Option A: "Testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the function’s correctness, not its creation.

Option B: "Analysis." This is incorrect. Analysis defines the requirement for the function (e.g., what it should do), not the coding.

Option C: "Implementation." This is correct. In Agile, writing the function to calculate shipping costs (e.g., calculateShipping(weight, zipCode)) happens during implementation, where code is developed based on the design.

Option D: "Design." This is incorrect. Design specifies the function’s structure (e.g., parameters, return type), but the actual coding occurs in implementation.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Development Phases).

Agile Manifesto: “Working Software” (http://agilemanifesto.org/).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 4: Agile Software Development).

 In programming, a string is used to store sequences of characters, which can include letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces. Strings are typically utilized to store textual data, such as words and sentences12. For example, the word “positive” would be stored as a string. While strings can contain numbers, they are not used to store numbers in their numeric form but rather as text. Therefore, options A, C, and D, which involve numbers or boolean values, would not be stored as strings unless they are meant to be treated as text.