Cisco 200-201 - Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals (CBROPS)

The exhibit shows an HTTP GET request with a parameter that includes; /bin/sh -c id.

This indicates a command injection attempt, where the attacker is trying to execute shell commands on the server.

Command injection vulnerabilities allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host operating system via a vulnerable application.

The use of/bin/shand the-cflag is typical in command injection exploits to run shell commands, such asid, which returns user identity information.

References

OWASP Command Injection

Analyzing HTTP Requests for Injection Attacks

Web Application Security Testing Guidelines

In this scenario, the threat actor refers to the individuals or entities responsible for the attack that resulted in a breach of assets and sensitive information. The receptionist received a threatening call but did not take action, leading to an actual breach within 48 hours. References: The explanation is inferred from general cybersecurity knowledge as specific details are not provided in the Cisco Cybersecurity documents linked.

The regular expression provided is:.\.(pd][Oo][Cc)|[Xx][LI][Ss]|[Pp][Pp][Tt]) HTTP/1 .[01]

This regular expression is designed to match file extensions for Word (.doc), Excel (.xls), and PowerPoint (.ppt) files in HTTP network sessions.

The regular expression uses character classes and alternatives to match different case variations of these file extensions.

The part.\.(pd][Oo][Cc)|[Xx][LI][Ss]|[Pp][Pp][Tt])matches the file extensions, andHTTP/1 .[01]ensures that the match is in the context of HTTP version 1.0 or 1.1.

References

Cisco ASA Regular Expressions Documentation

Understanding Regular Expressions in Network Security

Filtering and Capturing HTTP Traffic with Regex

 When communicating via TLS, part of the handshake process involves presenting a certificate containing the server name, the name of the trusted CA that issued the certificate, and the public key of the server. The client can verify the validity of the certificate and use the public key to encrypt the data sent to the server. References := Cisco Cybersecurity Source Documents

A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated

Decision making is a principle that guides an analyst to gather information relevant to a security incident to determine the appropriate course of action. Decision making involves identifying the problem, defining the criteria, analyzing the alternatives, and choosing the best solution. Decision making helps an analyst to respond to an incident effectively and efficiently, while minimizing the impact and risk to the organization. References: https://learningnetworkstore.cisco.com/on-demand-e-learning/understanding-cisco-cybersecurity-operations-fundamentals-cbrops-v1.0/CSCU-LP-CBROPS-V1-028093.html (Module 3: Security Monitoring, Lesson 3.1: Security Operations Center)

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is an approach to restricting system access to authorized users based on their roles within an organization. It depends on the job functions that individual users have as part of their responsibilities and is designed to reduce administrative work by assigning roles based on job competency, authority, and responsibility. References: Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals, Module 1: Security Concepts, Lesson 1.2: Data Protection, Topic 1.2.2: Access Control Models