ASQ CQE - Certified Quality Engineer Exam

An incidental product characteristic refers to a feature or aspect of a product that exists but is not necessarily intended or required by the customer and does not impact the primary function of the product.

Meets Most but Not All of Its Intended Functions:

Refers to a partially functional product characteristic, not incidental.

Fails to Perform the Intended Function:

Indicates a defective product characteristic.

Causes a Critical Failure:

Refers to a characteristic leading to a critical failure, not incidental.

Is Transparent to the Customer:

An incidental characteristic does not affect the product's primary function or customer satisfaction and may go unnoticed by the customer.

References: Product design and quality engineering principles.

Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements. The data set 0.055, 0.052, 0.054, 0.056 shows the greatest precision as the values are closely grouped together, indicating a high degree of repeatability and low variability.

To implement a total quality system, the steps should be performed in the following order:

Determine system requirements (2)

Develop a measurement system (3)

Audit the system (1)

Perform continuous improvement activities (4)

This sequence ensures that the system's needs are identified first, followed by the establishment of metrics to measure performance. Auditing verifies compliance and effectiveness, and continuous improvement ensures ongoing enhancement of the quality system.

Precision refers to the consistency of a set of measurements or the ability of an instrument to provide the same result under unchanged conditions. It does not concern itself with the correctness of the measurements (which is accuracy) but rather with the reproducibility of the measurements. Precision indicates how close the measurements are to each other.

References:

Juran, J. M., & Godfrey, A. B. (1999). Juran's Quality Handbook. McGraw-Hill Education.

ASQ (American Society for Quality) - Definition of Precision: ASQ Glossary

Quality planning focuses on identifying and meeting the needs of the customers. It involves defining quality standards and determining how to achieve them to ensure customer satisfaction.

The P chart, also known as the proportion chart, is used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process. For leaks in plastic bottles, which are attribute data (defective or not), the P chart is appropriate as it helps track the fraction of defective units over time.

References:

Montgomery, D.C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. Wiley.

ASQ. (n.d.). P Chart. Retrieved from https://asq.org/quality-resources/p-chart

ï‚·A check sheet is a structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data.

ï‚·It is one of the seven basic quality tools used to record frequency of events or defects, making it ideal for showing frequency distribution.

ï‚·Affinity diagrams and interrelationship digraphs are used for organizing ideas and identifying relationships, while a PERT chart is used for project scheduling.

ï‚·References: The ASQ and various quality management textbooks, such as "The Quality Toolbox" by Nancy R. Tague, outline the use of check sheets for frequency distribution analysis.

The Risk Priority Number (RPN) in FMEA is determined by the product of the frequency of occurrence, severity, and detection ratings. This multiplication helps in quantifying the risk associated with each potential failure mode, allowing for prioritization of corrective actions based on the highest risk areas.

ï‚·Registration to ISO 9001 requires a third-party audit conducted by an accredited certification body.

ï‚·Third-party audits are independent assessments to verify compliance with the ISO 9001 standard.

ï‚·These audits ensure that the quality management system meets the requirements and is effectively implemented.

References: ISO 9001 guidelines and certification processes, as detailed in the "ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems – Requirements" document.