Huawei H12-725_V4.0 - HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Regular expressions (regex) are used in data filtering to detect patterns in traffic.

*b.d Explanation:

b→ The word must start with 'b'.

.* → Matches any number of characters (wildcard).

d→ The word must end with 'd'.

Testing the given words:

A. abroad (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

B. beside (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

C. boring (✔allowed)→ Doesnotstart with "b" and end with "d" (safe to post).

D. bad (❌blocked)→ Starts with "b" and ends with "d" (matches the regex).

Why is C correct?

"boring" does not match the regex pattern, so it is not blocked.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Regular Expressions in Data Filtering

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Health checkensuresnetwork reliabilityby detecting link failures.

Supports multiple protocols: ICMP, TCP, UDP, DNS, and HTTP.

Works with PBR (Policy-Based Routing):

Health checkmonitors link status, and if a failure is detected,PBR dynamically switches to an alternate path.

Why is C false?

Health check CAN be used with PBRto ensure traffic is routed via healthy links.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Health Check Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus functions as multiple authentication servers, including:

Portal Server→ For web-based authentication.

RADIUS Server→ For centralized authentication and policy enforcement.

HWTACACS Server→ For administrative command authorization.

Why is B correct?

iMaster NCE-Campus cannot function as an Active Directory (AD) server.It can integrate with an external AD server but does not replace it.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Eth-Trunk can be created with just one member link; it isnot mandatory to have two links.

At least one active link is requiredfor the Eth-Trunk to function.

Eth-Trunk is a logical interfacethat can work atLayer 2 or Layer 3.

Why is A false?

Whilemultiple links are recommended, an Eth-Trunkcan work with just one active link.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Ethernet Trunking

Huawei USG Firewalls Link Aggregation Guide

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Quota control policiesregulateuser access and resource usagebased on bandwidth and time constraints.

All options are correctsince Huawei firewalls support:

A→ Restricting the daily online duration.

B→ Restricting the total monthly online traffic.

C→ Restricting the total daily online traffic.

D→ Restricting the total online duration per month.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → User Quota Control Policies

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

1️⃣Understanding HTTP Flood Attacks:

An HTTP flood attackis a type of DDoS attack where an attacker sendsa large number of HTTP requeststo a target server, overloading its resources.

Attackers often use botnets or spoofed IP addressesto send forged HTTP requests, making it difficult to differentiate between legitimate and malicious traffic.

2️⃣What is Happening in the Figure?

TheAnti-DDoS devicedetects an abnormally high number of HTTP requests from certain IPs.

Itchallenges suspicious clientsby requiring them to complete an authentication step (such as entering a verification code).

Legitimate users can pass the authentication and get whitelisted, while bots and attackers fail to respond and are blocked.

3️⃣Why is "Enhanced Mode" the Correct Answer?

Enhanced Modeis an advancedsource IP detection technologythat uses verificationcodes or JavaScript challenges to distinguish real users from bots.

Key features of Enhanced Mode:

Verification challenge(e.g., CAPTCHA, JavaScript check).

Whitelisting of verified usersto prevent further verification delays.

Blocks attack sources that fail to respond to verification.

In the figure, the systemprompts suspicious users to enter a verification codebefore allowing further access.

Attackers typicallydo not respond, while legitimate userscomplete the challenge and continue browsing normally.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ HTTP Flood Attack Protection

Huawei Anti-DDoS Solution Guide→ Source IP Detection Methods

Huawei WAF Documentation→ Enhanced Mode for Web Attack Mitigation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) logs record attack details for analysis and response.

The following information is logged:

A. Signature ID→ Unique identifier for the detected attack.

B. Source IP address of the attacker→ Identifies the origin of the attack.

C. Attack duration→ How long the attack lasted.

D. Signature name→ The specific attack detected (e.g., SQL injection).

All options are correct because Huawei NGFW logs complete IPS event details.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPS Logging & Analysis