HP HPE3-U01 - Aruba Certified Network Technician Exam (ACNT)

Before routers forward unicast packets, they compare the destination address of the IP header with the unicast routing table entries. This is because routers use the destination IP address to determine the next hop or outgoing interface for the packet. Routers do not care about the source address of the IP header or the Ethernet header, as they are not relevant for forwarding decisions. The inbound port the packet is received in is also not important, as routers use the routing table to make forwarding decisions, not the interface information. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Referenceshttps://networklessons.com/cisco/ccie-routing-switching/unicast-reverse-path-forwarding-urpf

https://www.killtest.com/news_Aruba_Certified_Network_Technician_Exam_ACNT_HPE3-U01_Exam_Questions_Released_2022_659.html

 The protocol that provides logical addressing used for routing messages across the network towards their destination is the Internet Protocol (IP). IP is a network layer protocol that assigns a unique numerical identifier to each device on a network, called an IP address. IP addresses are used to identify the source and destination of data packets, and to determine the best path to deliver them. IP is a connectionless and best-effort protocol, meaning that it does not guarantee the delivery, order, or integrity of the packets. IP relies on other protocols, such as TCP, to provide reliable and orderly data transfer.

The other options are incorrect because:

B. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol that provides reliable and orderly data delivery by establishing a connection between devices and providing error-checking and retransmission mechanisms. TCP does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it uses IP addresses to identify the endpoints of a connection.

C. Wired Ethernet is a data link layer protocol that defines the physical and logical characteristics of a wired network, such as cable types, frame formats, and MAC addresses. MAC addresses are used to identify the physical devices on a network segment, but they are not used for routing messages across the network. Ethernet does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it relies on IP to do so.

D. Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a data link layer protocol that allows devices to discover and advertise information about themselves and their neighbors on a network, such as device type, capabilities, port configuration, and VLAN membership. LLDP does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it can help network administrators to troubleshoot and optimize the network topology. References:

Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) | HPE Aruba Networking

Network Layer Protocols - GeeksforGeeks

Network protocols and layers A Level Resources - Teach Computer Science

A BSSID is a 48-bit label that identifies a basic service set (BSS) within a wireless network. A BSS is a subgroup of devices that share physical-layer medium access characteristics, such as radio frequency, modulation scheme, and security settings. A BSSID is usually the MAC address of the access point (AP) that creates the BSS, or a randomly generated value in an ad hoc network. A BSSID is different from an SSID, which is the name of the wireless network that users see and connect to. An SSID can have multiple BSSIDs associated with it, depending on the number and location of the APs. A BSSID is used to differentiate between different BSSs and to facilitate roaming and load balancing among them. References: https://internetspeedtest.world/wiki/bssid

https://www.minthaik.com/bssid-basic-service-set-identifier/

The TCP/IP model is a hierarchical protocol for network communication. It consists of four layers: the application layer, the transport layer, the internet layer, and the network interface layer. Each layer has specific functions and protocols that enable data transmission over the internet123

The TCP/IP model does not specify how to compress, fragment, encrypt, or analyze data. These are functions that may be performed by some protocols at different layers, but they are not part of the TCP/IP model itself. Therefore, option B is incorrect.

The TCP/IP model does not depend on the underlying physical network or data link technology. It can work on any network that supports IP addressing and routing, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ATM, etc. Therefore, options A and E are incorrect.

The TCP/IP model specifies how to assemble, address, transmit, route, and disassemble a data packet. This is the core function of the internet layer, which uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to perform these tasks. IP is responsible for delivering packets from the source to the destination, based on the IP addresses of the hosts. Therefore, option C is correct.

The TCP/IP model is a set of communication protocols used on IP-based networks only. This means that any network that supports the internet layer of the TCP/IP model can use the TCP/IP protocols. IP-based networks are the most common and widely used networks in the world, as they enable the interconnection of different networks and devices across the internet. Therefore, option D is correct. References: https://www.guru99.com/tcp-ip-model.html

https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-tcp-ip-model

IPv4 or Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol that is used to identify and communicate with devices on the Internet. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space, which means that each IPv4 address consists of 32 binary digits or bits. These bits can be expressed in different notations, such as decimal, hexadecimal, or binary. The most common notation is the dot-decimal notation, which divides the 32 bits into four groups of eight bits, called octets, and separates them by periods. For example, the IPv4 address 172.16.254.1 is equivalent to the binary address 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000001. The 32-bit address space of IPv4 allows for 2^32or 4,294,967,296 possible addresses, but some of them are reserved for special purposes, such as private networks or multicast addresses12345 References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_version_4

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-ipv4/

To convert a hexadecimal number to a binary number, we need to follow these steps:

Write down the hexadecimal number and assign a power of 16 to each digit, starting from the rightmost with 16^0.

Convert each hexadecimal digit to its decimal equivalent by multiplying it with its power of 16.

Add all the decimal values to get the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number.

Divide the decimal number by 2 repeatedly and write down the remainders from bottom to top.

The binary number is the sequence of remainders obtained in the previous step.

Let’s apply these steps to the hexadecimal number 17:

17 = 1 × 16^1 + 7 × 16^0

17 = 16 + 7

17 = 23 in decimal

23 / 2 = 11 with remainder 1

11 / 2 = 5 with remainder 1

5 / 2 = 2 with remainder 1

2 / 2 = 1 with remainder 0

1 / 2 = 0 with remainder 1

The binary number is 10111

Therefore, the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number 17 is 10111 (option B).

References: The answer can be verified by using the following resources:

Hexadecimal to Binary Converter - Binary Hex Converters

How to Convert 17 from hexadecimal to binary - Calculator Online

Convert hexadecimal number 17 to binary - CoolConversion

17 in Binary - How to Convert 17 from Decimal to Binary? - Cuemath

 The dual-band IEEE WLAN standard that provides up to 4.8 Gbps of theoretical data rate is 802.11 be, also known as Wi-Fi 7. This standard is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2020 standard that aims to improve the performance, efficiency, and reliability of WLANs operating in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. Some of the key features of 802.11 be include:

Enhanced multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) that supports up to 16 spatial streams and 37 users per channel

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) that allows multiple users to share the same channel with different subcarrier allocations

320 MHz channel bandwidth that enables higher data rates and spectral efficiency

4096 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) that increases the number of bits per symbol

Multi-link operation that allows a device to connect to multiple access points (APs) simultaneously

Enhanced power saving mechanisms that reduce the energy consumption and extend the battery life of devices

The other options are incorrect because they do not provide the same level of data rate as 802.11 be. 802.11 ac, or Wi-Fi 5, supports up to 1.73 Gbps of data rate in the 5 GHz band with 160 MHz channel bandwidth and 256 QAM. 802.11 ax, or Wi-Fi 6, supports up to 9.6 Gbps of data rate in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands with 160 MHz channel bandwidth, 1024 QAM, and OFDMA, but it is not a dual-band standard as it also supports the 6 GHz band. 802.11 n, or Wi-Fi 4, supports up to 600 Mbps of data rate in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands with 40 MHz channel bandwidth and 64 QAM. 802.1 lax and 802.1 In are not valid IEEE WLAN standards. References: IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput: The Next Generation of Wi-Fi Technology Beyond 802.11ax, Wi-Fi Timeline, IEEE 802.11-2020

To enable internet access on a multilayer switch, you need to configure a default route that points to the ISP router as the next hop. A default route is a special type of static route that matches any destination IP address that is not found in the routing table. The syntax for adefault route is ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 , where 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 means any IP address and any subnet mask. Alternatively, you can use the slash notation 0.0.0.0/0 to represent the same thing. Therefore, the correct configuration line to enter on the switch is ip route 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.31.254, which means that any traffic that is not destined for a local network will be forwarded to the ISP router at 172.16.31.254.

The other options are incorrect because they either use the wrong syntax or the wrong IP address. Option A uses the route command instead of the ip route command, which is not valid on a multilayer switch. Option C uses the routing command instead of the ip route command, which is also not valid on a multilayer switch. Option D uses the ip routing command instead of the ip route command, which is used to enable routing on the switch, not to configure a default route. Option D also omits the dots in the IP address and the subnet mask, which makes it invalid.

References:

What Is a Multilayer Switch and How to Use It?

Inter-VLAN Routing Configuration - 2024 Step-by-Step Tutorial

Multilayer Switch - Configuring IP Multilayer Switching