HP HPE7-A06 - HPE Campus Access Switching Expert Written Exam

The question asks for the fourth step in applying a role-to-role ACL on traffic from a mobile device (M1) to a role (H2) in a network using Dynamic Segmentation with VXLAN. This follows question 17, which identified the first step as the AP forwarding the packet to the gateway.

Analysis of Options:

Option A:Correct. The fourth step involves the destination switch (Switch A1) determining the destination role (H2) based on the destination MAC or IP address and applying the role-to-role ACL to permit or deny the traffic.

Option B:Describes an earlier step (likely second or third) where the gateway forwards traffic over a VXLAN tunnel.

Option C:Describes the first step, as identified in question 17.

Option D:Describes an intermediate step (likely third) where the edge switch transfers the Group Policy ID over VXLAN.

Why Option A is Correct:In HPE Aruba Networking’s Dynamic Segmentation architecture, the traffic flow for role-based ACLs in a VXLAN environment follows these steps:

The AP forwards the packet from M1 to the gateway (question 17).

The gateway assigns the source role (M1’s role) and forwards the packet over a VXLAN tunnel with the Group Policy ID.

The edge switch transfers the Group Policy ID to the destination switch (A1) via VXLAN.

Switch A1 determines the destination role (H2) based on the destination MAC or IP address and enforces the role-to-role ACL, as defined in the Group-Based Policy (GBP).

The fourth step is critical for policy enforcement, ensuring that traffic complies with the security policies defined between the source and destination roles, providing secure network segmentation.

Relevance to Certification Objectives:

Security (10%):Designing and troubleshooting role-based security policies in customer networks.

Switching (19%):Implementing Layer 2/3 interconnection technologies like VXLAN for policy enforcement.

WLAN (9%):Troubleshooting wireless traffic flows in Dynamic Segmentation.

The question asks for the minimal configurations required for Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) to work correctly on AOS-CX switches.

Analysis of Options:

Option A:Correct. The MSTP region name must be configured to define the MSTP region and ensure switches belong to the same region.

Option B:Incorrect. Bridge priority is optional and defaults to 32768; it’s not mandatory for MSTP functionality.

Option C:Correct. The MSTP revision number is required to ensure consistency across switches in the same region.

Option D:Incorrect. Enabling MSTP on interfaces is automatic for VLAN-enabled ports; explicit configuration is not mandatory.

Option E:Incorrect. Creating MSTP instances is optional and only needed for specific VLAN-to-instance mappings.

Why A and C are Correct:MSTP requires a consistent region configuration across all switches to function correctly. The minimal configuration includes:

MSTP region name:Defines the region (e.g., spanning-tree config-name REGION1) to group switches.

Revision number:Ensures region consistency (e.g., spanning-tree config-revision 1).

These settings ensure switches form a single MSTP region, allowing VLAN-to-instance mappings (default instance 0 if not specified) and loop prevention. Other settings, like bridge priority or explicit instance creation, are optional and not strictly required for basic MSTP operation.

Relevance to Certification Objectives:

Network Resiliency and Virtualization (8%):Designing and troubleshooting MSTP for redundancy and fault tolerance.

Switching (19%):Implementing Layer 2 technologies like MSTP for loop prevention.

The exhibit shows the output of show vsx status on sw-agg1. Key information includes:

Config Sync Status : sw_image_version_mismatch_error  

NAE : sw_image_version_mismatch_error  

HTTPS Server : sw_image_version_mismatch_error  

Primary Software Version: GL.10.09.0010  

Secondary Software Version: GL.10.11.1021  

These errors clearly indicate that the primary and secondary VSX switches are running different AOS-CX software versions. For VSX to operate correctly, including configuration synchronization and enabling features like MC-LAG interfaces, both switches in the pairmustrun the exact same software version.

Analysis of Options:

A: vsx-software-upgrade is used for upgrades but doesn't resolve the current mismatch requirement.

B: NAE errors are a symptom of the underlying version mismatch.

C: Using the same CX OS version on both primary and secondary switches is the fundamental requirement to clear the mismatch errors and achieve a stable VSX operational state.

D: While ServiceOS is part of the system, the primary requirement and error message relate to the main AOS-CX software version.

The question requires matching the default BGP keepalive and hold-down timers on AOS-CX switches to their respective values.

Analysis of Options:

Keepalive Timer:The keepalive timer determines how often BGP keepalive messages are sent to maintain a session. The default value on AOS-CX switches is 60 seconds.

Hold-down Timer:The hold-down timer specifies the maximum time a BGP session can remain active without receiving a keepalive or updatemessage before it is considered down. The default value on AOS-CX switches is 180 seconds.

Why This Mapping is Correct:Per BGP standards (RFC 4271) and HPE Aruba Networking AOS-CX documentation, the default BGP keepalive timer is 60 seconds, and the hold-down timer is 180 seconds (three times the keepalive interval). These timers ensure BGP sessions remain stable while allowing timely detection of peer failures. The AOS-CX implementation adheres to these defaults unless explicitly configured otherwise.

Relevance to Certification Objectives:

Routing (16%):Involves designing and troubleshooting BGP routing topologies, including timer configurations.

Troubleshooting (10%):Includes diagnosing BGP session issues related to timers.

An NAE (Network Analytics Engine) Python script designed to monitor links and update descriptions isn't storing data as planned. We need the first things to check (select three).

NAE Components & Troubleshooting:NAE involves Agents running Scripts, often triggered by Monitors observing system state (like interface status or LLDP changes). Failures can occur in any component or due to resource issues.

Initial Checks:

Script (script usage - C):Check the script itself for syntax errors, logic flaws, status, and logs (show nae script [status|log]). Ensure it's uploaded correctly and enabled.

Agent (Agent usage - B):Check the agent configured to run the script. Is it running? Are its parameters correct? Are there errors associated with the agent? (show nae agent [status|detail]). Check agent resource limits.

Monitor (monitor usage - E):If the script relies on a monitor to trigger or gather data, check the monitor's status, configuration, and associated conditions (show nae monitor [status|detail]). Is the monitor detecting the intended events?

Resources (Processor/Memory/Flash - D, F, A):General switch health is important. High CPU (D) or memory (F) usage could prevent the script/agent from running correctly. If the script is supposed to store datapersistently (e.g., write to a file or NAE database), check flash memory usage (A) or NAE database limits.

Conclusion:When troubleshooting NAE, the core components to check first are the Script itself (C), the Agent running it (B), and any Monitors it depends on (E). These cover the specific NAE elements involved. General system resources (D, F, A) are secondary checks if the core components appear configured correctly but still fail.

The question asks for valid alternatives to Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) for initially configuring a factory default Aruba gateway when ZTP cannot be used.

Aruba Gateway Initial Provisioning Methods:

ZTP:Automated provisioning using Activate/Central.

One-Touch Provisioning (OTP) / Manual Setup:Involves direct connection for initial configuration.

Web UI:Connecting a laptop to a specific management or designated setup port (often GE0/0/1 on many gateway models) allows access to a web-based setup wizard.  

Console Port:Connecting via the serial console port allows CLI access, which includes guided setup scripts or manual configuration.  

Analysis of Options:

A: Port 0/0/0 is typically the OOBM port, not the standard OTP web UI port.  

B: Port 0/0/1 is commonly used for OTP via Web browser on many Aruba gateway models.  

C: Using the console port with terminal software for initial setup (potentially using a "Full-Setup" wizard or script) is a standard manual method.  

D: "Static-Activate" refers to manual registration with the Activate service, not a console setup mode.  

E: Requires setting a static IP, adding complexity beyond the basic OTP connection method described in B.  

Conclusion:Using the designated OTP Ethernet port (commonly GE0/0/1) with a web browser (Option B) and using the console port with terminal software (Option C) are the standard, valid alternatives to ZTP for initial gateway setup.

The requirement is to prevent loops on Edge-1 switch ports connected to third-party CCTV switches that donotsupport STP. The solution must also include an automatic recovery feature if a port gets disabled.

Loop Prevention without STP:When connecting to non-STP devices, standard STP loop prevention (like BPDU Guard) might not work if the connected device doesn't send BPDUs. AOS-CX offers a feature called loop-protect which sends probes to detect loops in non-STP environments.

Automatic Recovery:Features that disable ports (like BPDU Guard or Loop Protect) often have a timeout or auto-recovery option (port-disable-timer for Loop Protect) allowing the port to automatically re-enable after a configured period.

Analysis of Options:

A: LACP fallback applies to LAGs, not general loop prevention.

B: TCN-guard is an STP feature, irrelevant here.

C: Suggests spanning-tree with bpdu-guard timeout. BPDU Guard detects loops by listening for BPDUs, which these CCTV switches don't send. However, the timeout featuredoesprovide the required automatic recovery mechanism if the portweredisabled by BPDU Guard.

D: UDLD detects unidirectional links, not typically bridging loops caused by topology.

Re-evaluation:The ideal AOS-CX feature is loop-protect with port-disable-timer. Since this isn't explicitly an option, we must evaluate the given choices. Option C is theonlyone that mentions a mechanism (bpdu-guard timeout) providing automatic recovery from a disabled state. While BPDU Guard isn't the right detection mechanism here, it's the closest fit regarding the auto-recoveryrequirement. It's possible the question implicitly assumes some stray BPDUs might trigger it or that it's the intended "best fit" answer despite the detection mechanism mismatch.

Conclusion:Given the options, Option C is the most plausible because it includes the timeout feature associated with bpdu-guard, fulfilling the automatic recovery requirement, even though BPDU guard itself is not the ideal detection method for loops involving non-STP devices.

The goal is to make the adjacent router prefer routes exported by AGG-SW2 over AGG-SW1 for iBGP and eBGP routes to AS65000. Both switches use a route-map BGP-EXPORT with an ip-prefix list local-export. BGP path selection uses attributes like local preference, AS path length, and metric to determine the preferred route.

Analysis of Options:

Option A:Setting local-preference 200 affects iBGP route selection within the same AS but has no impact on eBGP peers (external AS65000), as local preference is not advertised externally.

Option B:Prepending the AS path with 65345 65345 65345 65345 increases the AS path length for routes exported by AGG-SW1, making them less preferred by the adjacent router (both iBGP and eBGP peers) compared to AGG-SW2’s routes, which have a shorter AS path.

Option C:Setting metric 200 affects the MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator), which is used for eBGP route selection within the same AS but is less influential than AS path length and not applicable for iBGP.

Option D:Incorrect syntax (set as-path without prepend) and does not achieve the desired effect.

Why Option B is Correct:BGP route selection prioritizes the shortest AS path for both iBGP and eBGP. By prepending AS 65345 multiple times to AGG-SW1’s exported routes, AGG-SW1’s routes appear less attractive due to a longer AS path, causing the adjacent router to prefer AGG-SW2’s routes. This is a standard BGP traffic engineering technique.

Relevance to Certification Objectives:

Routing (16%):Involves designing and troubleshooting BGP routing topologies, including manipulating path attributes like AS path.

Troubleshooting (10%):Includes remediating BGP routing issues by adjusting route-maps.